Takahashi Toshimasa, Huang Yibin, Yamamoto Koichi, Hamano Go, Kakino Akemi, Kang Fei, Imaizumi Yuki, Takeshita Hikari, Nozato Yoichi, Nozato Satoko, Yokoyama Serina, Nagasawa Motonori, Kawai Tatsuo, Takeda Masao, Fujimoto Taku, Hongyo Kazuhiro, Nakagami Futoshi, Akasaka Hiroshi, Takami Yoichi, Takeya Yasushi, Sugimoto Ken, Gaisano Herbert Y, Sawamura Tatsuya, Rakugi Hiromi
Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada.
iScience. 2021 Jan 21;24(2):102076. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102076. eCollection 2021 Feb 19.
Arrestin-dependent activation of a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) triggers endocytotic internalization of the receptor complex. We analyzed the interaction between the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor (LOX-1) and the GPCR angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) to report a hitherto unidentified mechanism whereby internalization of the GPCR mediates cellular endocytosis of the PRR ligand. Using genetically modified Chinese hamster ovary cells, we found that oxLDL activates Gαi but not the Gαq pathway of AT1 in the presence of LOX-1. Endocytosis of the oxLDL-LOX-1 complex through the AT1-β-arrestin pathway was demonstrated by real-time imaging of the membrane dynamics of LOX-1 and visualization of endocytosis of oxLDL. Finally, this endocytotic pathway involving GPCR kinases (GRKs), β-arrestin, and clathrin is relevant in accumulating oxLDL in human vascular endothelial cells. Together, our findings indicate that oxLDL activates selective G proteins and β-arrestin-dependent internalization of AT1, whereby the oxLDL-LOX-1 complex undergoes endocytosis.
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