Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore.
School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences.
Emotion. 2022 Oct;22(7):1670-1685. doi: 10.1037/emo0000933. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
There is robust evidence that higher income makes people evaluate their lives more favorably, but there is no consistent evidence on whether it makes people feel better. Analyzing data from five large surveys spanning 162 countries, we predicted and found the most comprehensive evidence to date that income reliably predicted greater positive self-regard emotions (e.g., pride) and lower negative self-regard emotions (e.g., anxiety). In contrast, its relationships with other-regard emotions (e.g., gratitude, anger) and global emotions (e.g., happiness) were weaker in magnitude and difficult to replicate. In addition, income predicted higher (lower) levels of positive (negative) self-regard emotions about 10 years later, controlling for the same self-regard emotions at baseline. Sense of control mediated the relationships between income and both positive and negative self-regard emotions. Income predicted self-regard emotions as strongly as it has been known to predict life evaluation. Hence, having more money makes people feel more proud, contented, and confident and less sad, afraid, and ashamed, but does not affect whether they feel grateful, caring, and angry. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
有确凿的证据表明，较高的收入会使人们对自己的生活评价更为积极，但关于它是否会使人们感觉更好，目前尚无一致的证据。通过分析涵盖 162 个国家的五项大型调查的数据，我们预测并发现了迄今为止最全面的证据，证明收入确实可以可靠地预测更高的积极自我评价情绪（例如，自豪）和更低的消极自我评价情绪（例如，焦虑）。相比之下，收入与其他评价情绪（例如，感激，愤怒）和全球情绪（例如，幸福）的关系在强度上较弱，且难以复制。此外，在控制基线时的相同自我评价情绪后，收入可预测约 10 年后更高（更低）水平的积极（消极）自我评价情绪。控制感在收入与积极和消极自我评价情绪之间的关系中起中介作用。收入对自我评价情绪的预测作用与它对生活评价的预测作用一样强。因此，拥有更多的钱会使人感到更加自豪、满足和自信，而感到悲伤、恐惧和羞愧的程度则较低，但不会影响他们是否感到感激、关心和愤怒。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
