Chen Lin, Ru Qin, Zhou Mei, Wu Yu Xiang
School of Physical Education, School of Medicine,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China.
Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China.
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2021 Feb 28;43(1):116-123. doi: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.11591.
Drug addiction is a major worldwide medical and social problem.Cocaine,nicotine,methamphetamine,heroin and other psychoactive substances,with small molecular weight,can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and eventually lead to addiction and other serious neuropsychological damage.There is no effective cure for addiction currently.The drug-antibody complex formed on the basis of active or passive immunotherapy could not cross the blood-brain barrier,which reduces the concentration of the free active drug and prevents its distribution in the brain,thereby weakening the drug addiction-related reward effects.It provides a promising way for the treatment of drug addiction.This article reviews the progress of immunotherapy against psychoactive substances such as cocaine,nicotine,methamphetamine and heroin in the past 50 years from the aspects of active immunity,passive immunity,drug metabolism-related enzymes,adjuvants and so on.The goal is to provide some ideas for the development of agents for the treatment of psychoactive substance addiction.
药物成瘾是一个全球性的重大医学和社会问题。可卡因、尼古丁、甲基苯丙胺、海洛因和其他精神活性物质分子量小，能够轻易穿过血脑屏障，最终导致成瘾及其他严重的神经心理损害。目前尚无有效的成瘾治疗方法。基于主动或被动免疫疗法形成的药物 - 抗体复合物无法穿过血脑屏障，这降低了游离活性药物的浓度并阻止其在大脑中分布，从而减弱了与药物成瘾相关的奖赏效应。这为药物成瘾的治疗提供了一条有前景的途径。本文从主动免疫、被动免疫、药物代谢相关酶、佐剂等方面综述了过去50年针对可卡因、尼古丁、甲基苯丙胺和海洛因等精神活性物质的免疫治疗进展。目的是为精神活性物质成瘾治疗药物的开发提供一些思路。
