Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1 Baylor plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, BLDG 110, Rm 229, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
J Neurol Sci. 2022 Mar 15;434:120098. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120098. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
Substance use is a major public health concern worldwide. In the United States, drug-related deaths have increased many-fold in the past two decades due to the infiltration of more potent and lethal drugs such as fentanyl. Despite significant advancement in medicine, the management of substance use disorders (SUD) continues to be fraught with high attrition, relapse, morbidity, and mortality. The conceptual transition of a SUD from a moral failing to a chronic disease caused by substances facilitated the expansion of biological treatments, including pharmacotherapy, neurostimulation, and immunotherapy. While the quest for vaccines against drugs of abuse had an optimistic start in animal models, clinical trials in humans have yielded disappointing results. This paper provides a brief review on the current progress of vaccines against nicotine, stimulants (cocaine and methamphetamine), opioids including fentanyl, novel psychoactive substances (synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabis), and discusses prospects for vaccine technology in the treatment of SUD.
物质使用是全球范围内一个主要的公共卫生关注点。在美国，由于芬太尼等更有效和致命的药物的渗透，过去二十年中与药物相关的死亡人数增加了许多倍。尽管医学取得了重大进展，但物质使用障碍（SUD）的管理仍然面临着高流失率、复发、发病率和死亡率的困扰。SUD 从道德缺陷到由物质引起的慢性疾病的概念转变促进了生物治疗的扩展，包括药物治疗、神经刺激和免疫疗法。虽然针对滥用药物的疫苗的研究在动物模型中取得了乐观的开端，但在人类中的临床试验却产生了令人失望的结果。本文简要综述了针对尼古丁、兴奋剂（可卡因和甲基苯丙胺）、阿片类药物（包括芬太尼）、新型精神活性物质（合成卡西酮和合成大麻）的疫苗的最新进展，并讨论了疫苗技术在 SUD 治疗中的前景。
