Haupt Sue, Haupt Ygal
Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Front Genet. 2021 Feb 16;12:632719. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632719. eCollection 2021.
There are many differences in cancer manifestation between men and women. New understanding of the origin of these point to fundamental distinctions in the genetic code and its demise. Tumour suppressor protein p53 is the chief operating officer of cancer defence and critically acts to safeguard against sustained DNA damaged. P53 cannot be ignored in cancer sex disparity. In this review we discuss the greater prevalence and associated death rates for non-reproductive cancers in males. The major tumour suppressor protein p53, encoded in the gene is our chosen context. It is fitting to ask why somatic mutation incidence is estimated to be disproportionately higher among males in the population for these types of cancers compared with females? We scrutinised the literature for evidence of predisposing genetic and epigenetic alterations that may explain this sex bias. Our second approach was to explore whether redox activity, either externally imposed or inherent to males and females, may define distinct risks that could contribute to the clear cancer sex disparities.
男性和女性在癌症表现方面存在许多差异。对这些差异起源的新认识指向了遗传密码及其消亡方面的根本区别。肿瘤抑制蛋白p53是癌症防御的主要执行者，对防止DNA持续损伤起着关键作用。在癌症的性别差异中，p53不容忽视。在本综述中，我们讨论了男性非生殖系统癌症更高的发病率和相关死亡率。主要肿瘤抑制蛋白p53由该基因编码，是我们选择的研究背景。值得一问的是，为什么在人群中，与女性相比，这些类型癌症的体细胞突变发生率在男性中估计要高得多？我们仔细查阅了文献，以寻找可能解释这种性别偏见的遗传和表观遗传易感性改变的证据。我们的第二种方法是探讨氧化还原活性，无论是外部施加的还是男性和女性固有的，是否可能定义不同的风险，这些风险可能导致明显的癌症性别差异。
