Allegra Alessandro, Caserta Santino, Genovese Sara, Pioggia Giovanni, Gangemi Sebastiano
Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Jun 11;12(6):1255. doi: 10.3390/antiox12061255.
Genetic, developmental, biochemical, and environmental variables interact intricately to produce sex differences. The significance of sex differences in cancer susceptibility is being clarified by numerous studies. Epidemiological research and cancer registries have revealed over the past few years that there are definite sex variations in cancer incidence, progression, and survival. However, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also have a significant impact on the response to treatment of neoplastic diseases. Young women may be more protected from cancer than men because most of the proteins implicated in the regulation of redox state and mitochondrial function are under the control of sexual hormones. In this review, we describe how sexual hormones control the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria, as well as how they affect several neoplastic diseases. The molecular pathways that underlie the gender-related discrepancies in cancer that have been identified may be better understood, which may lead to more effective precision medicine and vital information on treatment options for both males and females with neoplastic illnesses.
遗传、发育、生化和环境变量相互作用错综复杂，从而产生性别差异。众多研究正在阐明癌症易感性中性别差异的重要性。过去几年，流行病学研究和癌症登记处显示，在癌症发病率、进展和生存率方面存在明显的性别差异。然而，氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍对肿瘤疾病的治疗反应也有重大影响。年轻女性可能比男性更不容易患癌症，因为大多数参与氧化还原状态和线粒体功能调节的蛋白质受性激素控制。在这篇综述中，我们描述了性激素如何控制抗氧化酶和线粒体的活性，以及它们如何影响几种肿瘤疾病。对已确定的癌症中与性别相关差异的分子途径可能会有更好的理解，这可能会带来更有效的精准医学，并为患有肿瘤疾病的男性和女性提供关于治疗选择的重要信息。
