Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8208 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8208 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, USA.
Trends Cancer. 2022 Apr;8(4):303-315. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.01.013. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
Sex differences in cellular and systems biology have been evolutionarily selected to optimize reproductive success in all species with little (sperm) and big (ova) gamete producers. They are evident from the time of fertilization and accrue throughout development through genetic, epigenetic, and circulating sex hormone-dependent mechanisms. Among other effects, they significantly impact on chromatin organization, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immunity, longevity, and cancer risk and survival. Sex differences in cancer should be expected and accounted for in basic, translational, and clinical oncology research.
性别在细胞和系统生物学中的差异是进化选择的结果，旨在优化所有具有小（精子）和大（卵子）配子生产者的物种的生殖成功。从受精开始，通过遗传、表观遗传和循环性激素依赖机制，这些差异在整个发育过程中不断积累。除其他影响外，它们还显著影响染色质组织、代谢、细胞周期调控、免疫、寿命以及癌症风险和生存。在基础、转化和临床肿瘤学研究中，应该预期并考虑到癌症中的性别差异。
