López-Martínez Giancarlo, Carpenter James E, Hight Stephen D, Hahn Daniel A
Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA.
Department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota USA.
Evol Appl. 2020 Nov 4;14(2):566-576. doi: 10.1111/eva.13141. eCollection 2021 Feb.
As part of sterile insect technique (SIT) programs, irradiation can effectively induce sterility in insects by damaging germline genomic DNA. However, irradiation also induces other off-target side effects that reduce the quality and performance of sterilized males, including the formation of damaging free radicals that can reduce sterile male performance. Thus, treatments that reduce off-target effects of irradiation on male performance while maintaining sterility can improve the feasibility and economy of SIT programs. We previously found that inducing a form of rapid, beneficial plasticity with a 1-hr anoxic-conditioning period (physiological conditioning hormesis) prior to and during irradiation improves male field performance in the laboratory while maintaining sterility in males of the cactus moth, . Here, we extend this work by testing the extent to which this beneficial plasticity may improve male field performance and longevity in the field. Based on capture rates after a series of mark release-recapture experiments, we found that anoxia-conditioned irradiated moths were active in the field longer than their irradiated counterparts. In addition, anoxia-conditioned moths were captured in traps that were farther away from the release site than unconditioned moths, suggesting greater dispersal. These data confirmed that beneficial plasticity induced by anoxia hormesis prior to irradiation led to lower postirradiation damage and increased flight performance and recapture duration under field conditions. We recommend greater consideration of beneficial plasticity responses in biological control programs and specifically the implementation of anoxia-conditioning treatments applied prior to irradiation in area-wide integrated pest management programs that use SIT.
作为昆虫不育技术（SIT）项目的一部分，辐照可通过损伤生殖系基因组DNA有效诱导昆虫不育。然而，辐照也会引发其他脱靶副作用，降低绝育雄虫的质量和性能，包括形成具有损害性的自由基，这会降低绝育雄虫的性能。因此，在保持不育的同时减少辐照对雄虫性能的脱靶效应的处理方法，可以提高昆虫不育技术项目的可行性和经济性。我们之前发现，在辐照之前和期间，通过1小时的缺氧预处理（生理预处理兴奋效应）诱导一种快速、有益的可塑性，可提高实验室中仙人掌螟雄虫的田间性能，同时保持其不育性。在此，我们通过测试这种有益的可塑性在多大程度上可以提高田间雄虫的田间性能和寿命来扩展这项工作。基于一系列标记释放-重捕实验后的捕获率，我们发现经过缺氧预处理的辐照蛾类在田间的活动时间比未经预处理的辐照蛾类更长。此外，经过缺氧预处理的蛾类比未经预处理的蛾类在距离释放点更远的诱捕器中被捕获，这表明其扩散能力更强。这些数据证实，辐照前由缺氧兴奋效应诱导的有益可塑性导致辐照后损伤降低，并提高了田间条件下的飞行性能和重捕持续时间。我们建议在生物防治项目中更多地考虑有益的可塑性反应，特别是在使用昆虫不育技术的区域综合虫害管理项目中，在辐照前实施缺氧预处理。
