Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2021 May;413(12):3201-3208. doi: 10.1007/s00216-021-03257-z. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
Entomotoxicology allows the detection and analysis of substances such as poisons, drugs, and metals in necrophagous insects using analytical protocols. In a forensic situation related to death by gunshot, the gunshot residue (GSR) is dispersed at the crime scene and may be consumed by necrophagous insects. Lead (Pb) is the most abundant metal in GSR samples and it can be determined using non-portable methods. However, the toxicity effects of GSR samples on Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and the detection of Pb via portable electrochemical methods have not been investigated. This study describes for the first time the toxicity analysis of Pb on immature L. cuprina through their survival rate and influence of Pb on immature development. In addition, the bioaccumulation of Pb in the larvae samples was determined based on square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) measurements. The results revealed a low limit of detection to Pb (6.5 μg L) and the analytical performance was satisfactory because it measures Pb levels in larvae exposed to a diet containing 50 μg Pb g. Furthermore, the levels of Pb influenced the survival rate and development time of the immature L. cuprina. Larvae exposed to a high concentration of the metal (50 μg Pb g ) showed statistically significant changes (p < 0.05). The presence of Pb in immature L. cuprina can be used to estimate the post-mortem interval; thus, the present study provides important information in forensic entomology.
昆虫毒理学允许使用分析方案来检测和分析腐食性昆虫体内的毒物、药物和金属等物质。在与枪击死亡有关的法医学情况下，枪击残留物（GSR）会在犯罪现场散布，并可能被腐食性昆虫消耗。铅（Pb）是 GSR 样本中含量最丰富的金属，可以使用非便携式方法进行测定。然而，GSR 样本对丽蝇（Diptera：Calliphoridae）的毒性影响以及使用便携式电化学方法检测 Pb 尚未得到研究。本研究首次描述了 Pb 对不成熟丽蝇的毒性分析，包括其存活率和对不成熟发育的影响。此外，还根据方波阳极溶出伏安法（SWASV）测量确定了 Pb 在幼虫样本中的生物累积。结果表明，对 Pb 的检测下限低（6.5μg L），分析性能令人满意，因为它可以测量暴露于含有 50μg Pb g 饮食中的幼虫中的 Pb 水平。此外，Pb 水平影响了不成熟丽蝇的存活率和发育时间。暴露于高浓度金属（50μg Pb g）的幼虫显示出统计学上显著的变化（p<0.05）。不成熟丽蝇体内存在 Pb 可以用来估计死后间隔；因此，本研究为法医昆虫学提供了重要信息。
