Simons-Morton B G, Parcel G S, O'Hara N M
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
Health Educ Q. 1988 Spring;15(1):115-30. doi: 10.1177/109019818801500110.
Diet and physical activity patterns appear to be learned at early ages, suggesting the need for school-based intervention. The potential of schools to improve children's diet and physical activity has been offset by countervailing school environments. In the first year of the "Go For Health" health promotion project, organizational change innovations were implemented to facilitate changes in school lunch, physical education, and classroom health education in support of healthful student diet and physical activity. At first follow-up after one year of intervention, the amount of sodium in selected foods served in school lunch was reduced from baseline (1985) to year one (1986) in the experimental schools by 29 and 33%, respectively, and fat was reduced by 28 and 42%, respectively. At first follow-up, students in the experimental schools participated in fitness activities 44.1 and 38.0% of the time, compared with 19.5 and 22.7% in the control schools.
饮食和身体活动模式似乎在早年就已形成，这表明有必要开展以学校为基础的干预措施。学校改善儿童饮食和身体活动的潜力被与之相悖的学校环境抵消了。在“追求健康”健康促进项目的第一年，实施了组织变革创新措施，以促进学校午餐、体育教育和课堂健康教育的变革，以支持学生健康的饮食和身体活动。在干预一年后的首次随访中，实验学校提供的学校午餐中选定食物的钠含量从基线（1985年）到第一年（1986年）分别降低了29%和33%，脂肪含量分别降低了28%和42%。在首次随访时，实验学校的学生有44.1%和38.0%的时间参与健身活动，而对照学校的这一比例分别为19.5%和22.7%。
