Takhistov Volodymyr, Fuller George M, Kusenko Alexander
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.
Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Feb 19;126(7):071101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.071101.
Solar-mass black holes with masses in the range of ∼1-2.5 M_{⊙} are not expected from conventional stellar evolution, but can be produced naturally via neutron star (NS) implosions induced by capture of small primordial black holes (PBHs) or from accumulation of some varieties of particle dark matter. We argue that a unique signature of such "transmuted" solar-mass BHs is that their mass distribution would follow that of the NSs. This would be distinct from the mass function of black holes in the solar-mass range predicted either by conventional stellar evolution or early Universe PBH production. We propose that analysis of the solar-mass BH population mass distribution in a narrow mass window of ∼1-2.5 M_{⊙} can provide a simple yet powerful test of the origin of these BHs. Recent LIGO/VIRGO gravitational wave (GW) observations of the binary merger events GW190425 and GW190814 are consistent with a BH mass in the range ∼1.5-2.6 M_{⊙}. Though these results have fueled speculation on dark matter-transmuted solar-mass BHs, we demonstrate that it is unlikely that the origin of these particular events stems from NS implosions. Data from upcoming GW observations will be able to distinguish between solar-mass BHs and NSs with high confidence. This capability will facilitate and enhance the efficacy of our proposed test.
传统恒星演化过程中不会产生质量在1 - 2.5M⊙范围内的太阳质量黑洞，但通过捕获小型原初黑洞（PBH）引发的中子星（NS）内爆或某些种类的暗物质粒子积累，可以自然产生这种黑洞。我们认为，这种“转变”后的太阳质量黑洞的一个独特特征是其质量分布将遵循中子星的质量分布。这将有别于传统恒星演化或早期宇宙原初黑洞产生所预测的太阳质量范围内黑洞的质量函数。我们提出，在1 - 2.5M⊙的狭窄质量窗口内分析太阳质量黑洞群体的质量分布，可以对这些黑洞的起源进行一个简单而有力的检验。最近激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）/处女座（VIRGO）对GW190425和GW190814双星合并事件的引力波（GW）观测结果与质量在1.5 - 2.6M⊙范围内的黑洞相符。尽管这些结果引发了对暗物质转变的太阳质量黑洞的猜测，但我们证明这些特定事件的起源不太可能是中子星内爆。即将进行的引力波观测数据将能够高度自信地区分太阳质量黑洞和中子星。这种能力将促进并提高我们所提出检验的效力。
