Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Mar;45(3):630-637. doi: 10.1111/acer.14560. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
Alcohol consumption is influenced by the characteristics of drinking occasions, for example, location, timing, or the composition of the drinking group. However, the relative importance of occasion characteristics is not yet well understood. This study aims to identify which characteristics, and combinations of characteristics, are associated with units consumed within drinking occasions. It also tests whether accounting for occasion characteristics improves the prediction of consumption compared to using demographic information only.
The data come from a cross-sectional, nationally representative, online market research survey. Our sample includes 18,409 British drinkers aged 18 + who recorded the characteristics of 46,072 drinking occasions using 7-day retrospective drinking diaries in 2018. We used decision tree modeling and nested linear regression to predict units consumed in occasions using information on drinking location/venue, occasion timing, company, occasion type (e.g., a quiet night in), occasion motivation, drink type and packaging, food eaten and entertainment/ other activities during the occasion. We estimated models separately for 6 age-sex groups and controlled for usual drinking frequency, and social grade in nested linear regression models. Open Science Framework preregistration: https://osf.io/42epd.
Our 6 final models accounted for between 55% and 71% of the variance in drinking occasion alcohol consumption. Beyond demographic characteristics (1 to 9%) and occasion duration (24 to 60%), further occasion characteristics and combinations of characteristics accounted for 31 to 70% of the total explained variance. The characteristics most strongly associated with heavy alcohol consumption were long occasion duration, drinking spirits as doubles, and drinking wine. Spirits were also consumed in light occasions, but as singles. This suggests that the serving size is an important differentiator of light and heavy occasions.
Combinations of occasion duration and drink type are strongly predictive of alcohol consumption in adults' drinking occasions. Accounting for characteristics of drinking occasions, both individually and in combination, substantially improves the prediction of alcohol consumption.
饮酒行为受到饮酒场合特征的影响，例如地点、时间或饮酒群体的构成。然而，目前对于这些场合特征的相对重要性还没有很好的了解。本研究旨在确定哪些特征以及特征组合与饮酒场合中的饮酒量有关。同时，还检验了与仅使用人口统计学信息相比，考虑场合特征是否可以提高对饮酒量的预测能力。
本研究的数据来自于 2018 年进行的一项全国性、代表性的、在线市场研究调查。我们的样本包括 18409 名英国饮酒者，他们使用 7 天回溯性饮酒日记记录了 46072 次饮酒场合的特征。我们使用决策树模型和嵌套线性回归，根据饮酒地点/场所、场合时间、陪伴人员、场合类型（如安静的夜晚）、场合动机、饮酒类型和包装、食物和娱乐/其他活动等信息，预测场合中的饮酒量。我们分别为 6 个年龄-性别组估计模型，并在嵌套线性回归模型中控制了饮酒频率和社会阶层。开放性科学框架预注册：https://osf.io/42epd。
我们的 6 个最终模型分别解释了 55%到 71%的饮酒场合饮酒量的变化。除了人口统计学特征（1%至 9%）和场合持续时间（24%至 60%）之外，进一步的场合特征及其组合还解释了 31%至 70%的总方差。与大量饮酒最相关的特征是长时间的场合持续时间、双份烈酒和葡萄酒的饮用，以及在轻松场合饮用烈酒但量少。这表明，饮料的份量是区分轻松和大量饮酒场合的重要因素。
场合持续时间和饮酒类型的组合是预测成年人饮酒场合饮酒量的有力指标。单独和组合考虑饮酒场合的特征可以显著提高对饮酒量的预测能力。
