Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 10;14(7):e0218465. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218465. eCollection 2019.
The amount of alcohol consumed during an occasion can be influenced by physical and social attributes of the setting, characteristics and state of individuals, and the interactions of these components. This systematic review identifies and describes the specific combinations and sequences of context-related factors that are associated with heavy drinking occasions.
We conducted a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Eligible articles were event-level and event-based studies that quantitatively analysed associations of sequences or combinations of context-related factors with event-level alcohol consumption. We extracted information on study design, sample, variables, effect estimates and analytical methods. We compiled a list of combinations and sequences associated with heavier drinking (i.e., 'risky contexts') and with lighter drinking ('protective contexts'). The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42018089500).
We screened 1902 retrieved records and identified a final sample of 65 eligible studies. Daily mood, day of week, location and drinking group characteristics are important drivers of whether an individual engages in a heavy drinking occasion. The direction and magnitude of some associations differed by gender, age, personality and motives, such that in particular social or physical contexts, some people may feel compelled to drink more while others are compelled to drink less. Very few sequences of factors were reported as being associated with event-level alcohol consumption.
Contexts or factors are experienced in specific sequences that shape the broader drinking context and influence drinking behaviours and consequences but are under-studied. Event-level studies such as those using ecological momentary assessment can harness new technologies for data collection and analysis to improve understandings of why people engage in heavy drinking. Continued event-level research will facilitate public health interventions and policies that reduce heavy drinking and alcohol-related harms.
在特定场合下的饮酒量会受到环境的物理和社会属性、个体的特征和状态以及这些因素相互作用的影响。本系统综述旨在确定和描述与豪饮场合相关的具体环境因素组合和序列，以及这些因素与豪饮场合之间的关联。
我们对 MEDLINE、Embase 和 Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature（CINAHL）数据库进行了系统的文献检索。符合条件的文章是针对特定场合进行的定量分析与环境因素序列或组合与特定场合饮酒量之间关联的事件水平和基于事件的研究。我们提取了研究设计、样本、变量、效应估计和分析方法的信息。我们编制了与饮酒量更高（即“风险环境”）和饮酒量更低（即“保护环境”）相关的组合和序列列表。该综述方案已在 PROSPERO（注册号：CRD42018089500）中进行了注册。
我们筛选了 1902 篇检索记录，最终确定了 65 项符合条件的研究。个体的日常情绪、星期几、地点和饮酒群体特征是决定其是否参加豪饮场合的重要因素。一些关联的方向和程度因性别、年龄、个性和动机而异，在某些特定的社会或物理环境中，一些人可能被迫喝更多的酒，而另一些人则被迫喝更少的酒。很少有因素序列被报告与特定场合的酒精摄入量相关。
环境或因素以特定的序列出现，这些序列构成了更广泛的饮酒环境，并影响着饮酒行为和后果，但目前对这些序列的研究还很有限。基于事件的研究，如使用生态瞬时评估的研究，可以利用新技术进行数据收集和分析，从而更好地了解人们为什么会豪饮。持续的基于事件的研究将有助于制定公共卫生干预措施和政策，以减少豪饮和与酒精相关的危害。
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