Oldham Melissa, Okpako Tosan, Leppin Corinna, Garnett Claire, Dina Larisa-Maria, Stevely Abigail, Jones Andrew, Holmes John
Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
PLOS Digit Health. 2024 Aug 21;3(8):e0000523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000523. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Contexts in which people drink vary. Certain drinking contexts may be more amenable to change than others and the effectiveness of alcohol reduction tactics may differ across contexts. This study aimed to explore how helpful context-specific tactics for alcohol reduction were perceived as being amongst increasing-and-higher-risk drinkers. Using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy, context-specific tactics to reduce alcohol consumption were developed by the research team and revised following consultation with experts in behaviour change. In four focus groups (two online, two in-person), N = 20 adult increasing-and-higher-risk drinkers in the UK discussed how helpful tactics developed for four drinking contexts would be: drinking at home alone (19 tactics), drinking at home with partner or family (21 tactics), in the pub with friends (23 tactics), and a meal out of the home (20 tactics). Transcripts were analysed using constant comparison methods. Participants endorsed four broad approaches to reducing alcohol consumption which encompassed all the individual tactics developed by the research team: Diluting and substituting drinks for those containing less alcohol (e.g. switching to soft drinks or no- or low-alcohol drinks); Reducing external pressure to drink (e.g. setting expectations in advance); Creating barriers to drinking (e.g. not buying alcohol to keep at home or storing it in less visible places), and Setting new habits (e.g. breaking old patterns and taking up new hobbies). Three cross-cutting themes influenced how applicable these approaches were to different drinking contexts. These were: Situational pressure, Drinking motives, and Financial motivation. Diluting and substituting drinks which enabled covert reduction and Reducing external pressure to drink were favoured in social drinking contexts. Diluting and substituting drinks which enabled participants to feel that they were having 'a treat' or which facilitated relaxation and Creating barriers to drinking were preferred at home. Interventions to reduce alcohol consumption should offer tactics tailored to individuals' drinking contexts and which account for context-specific individual and situational pressure to drink.
人们饮酒的情境各不相同。某些饮酒情境可能比其他情境更易于改变，而且减少酒精摄入策略的效果在不同情境中可能存在差异。本研究旨在探讨针对饮酒情境的特定策略在饮酒量不断增加及风险较高的饮酒者中被认为有多大帮助。研究团队利用行为改变技术分类法制定了减少酒精消费的特定情境策略，并在咨询行为改变专家后进行了修订。在四个焦点小组（两个在线，两个面对面）中，英国20名成年饮酒量不断增加及风险较高的饮酒者讨论了为四种饮酒情境制定的策略会有多大帮助：独自在家饮酒（19项策略）、与伴侣或家人在家饮酒（21项策略）、在酒吧与朋友饮酒（23项策略）以及外出就餐（20项策略）。使用持续比较法对访谈记录进行了分析。参与者认可了四种广泛的减少酒精消费的方法，这些方法涵盖了研究团队制定的所有个体策略：用含酒精量较低的饮料稀释和替代（例如换成软饮料或无酒精或低酒精饮料）；减少外部饮酒压力（例如提前设定期望）；设置饮酒障碍（例如不购买酒精饮料留在家中或将其存放在不太显眼的地方），以及养成新习惯（例如打破旧模式并培养新爱好）。三个贯穿各领域的主题影响了这些方法在不同饮酒情境中的适用性。它们是：情境压力、饮酒动机和经济动机。在社交饮酒情境中，有利于隐蔽减少饮酒量的稀释和替代饮料以及减少外部饮酒压力的方法更受青睐。在家中，能让参与者感觉自己在“享受款待”或有助于放松的稀释和替代饮料以及设置饮酒障碍的方法更受欢迎。减少酒精消费的干预措施应提供针对个人饮酒情境的策略，并考虑到特定情境下个人和情境的饮酒压力。
