Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
J Adolesc. 2021 Apr;88:84-96. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.02.006. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
Women and men experience sleep differently and the difference in intrinsic desire for sleep might underlie some of the observed male-female differences. The objective of this cross-sectional questionnaire study of university students was to determine male-female differences in self-reported sleepiness and sleep-wake patterns.
Five questionnaires were completed by 1650 students at four Russian universities.
Compared to male students, female students reported a lower subjective sleep quality score, had a higher morning sleepability score and lower nighttime and daytime wakeability scores. They more often reported excessive daytime sleepiness and expected to be sleepier at any time of the day with the largest male-female difference around the times of sleep onset and offset. On free days, they reported a longer sleep duration and an earlier sleep onset. Free-weekday difference was larger for sleep duration and smaller for sleep onset. Such male-female differences showed similarity to the differences observed in university and high school students from different countries around the globe. There was no significant male-female difference in weekly averaged sleep duration, weekday sleep duration, hours slept, midpoint of sleep on free days, free-weekday difference in sleep offset, social jetlag, and morningness-eveningness score. Therefore, when studies rely on these self-reports, the most salient male-female differences might not be immediately evident.
It seems that the intrinsic desire for longer sleep duration might contribute to a higher susceptibility of female students to weekday sleep loss. Among these students, negative effects of reduced sleep duration might be more common and more detrimental.
女性和男性的睡眠方式不同，内在的睡眠需求差异可能是观察到的一些男女差异的基础。这项针对大学生的横断面问卷调查研究的目的是确定男女在自我报告的嗜睡和睡眠-觉醒模式方面的差异。
在俄罗斯的四所大学，有 1650 名学生完成了五份问卷。
与男学生相比，女学生报告的主观睡眠质量评分较低，早晨睡眠能力评分较高，夜间和白天醒来能力评分较低。她们更经常报告白天过度嗜睡，并预计在一天中的任何时候都会更困，最大的男女差异出现在入睡和起床时间。在休息日，她们报告的睡眠时间更长，入睡时间更早。与工作日相比，自由日的睡眠时间差异更大，入睡时间差异更小。这种男女差异与来自全球不同国家的大学生和高中生的差异相似。在每周平均睡眠时间、工作日睡眠时间、睡眠时间、休息日中点、自由日的睡眠结束时间差异、社交时差和早晚得分方面，男女之间没有显著差异。因此，当研究依赖这些自我报告时，最明显的男女差异可能并不明显。
似乎对更长睡眠时间的内在需求可能使女学生更容易受到工作日睡眠不足的影响。在这些学生中，减少睡眠时间的负面影响可能更为常见和更为不利。
