Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Chronobiol Int. 2023 Jul 3;40(7):874-884. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2222797. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
The association of insufficient sleep with reduced self-perceived health was previously well established. Moreover, it was sometimes shown that the indicators of poorer health were significantly related to chronotype and weekday-weekend gaps in sleep timing and duration. It remains to be elucidated, however, whether chronotype and these gaps can contribute to the reduced health self-ratings independently from shortened sleep duration or, alternatively, their relationship with health can be simply explained by their association with insufficient sleep on weekdays. In an online survey, we tested whether the self-rated health of university students can be predicted by several individual characteristics of the sleep-wake cycles, such as chronotype, weekday and weekend sleep times, weekday-weekend gap in sleep times, sleepability and wakeability at different times of the day, etc. Responses to a question about general health and to items of several questionnaires for chronobiological assessment were collected from smartphones of 1582 university students (mean age ± standard deviation was 19.5 ± 1.7 y). The results of regression analyses suggested that lower odds of having good self-rated health were significantly associated with an earlier weekday risetime, a later weekday bedtime, and, consequently, a shorter weekday time in bed. After accounting for weekday sleep, self-rated health showed significant association with neither chronotype nor weekday-weekend differences in sleep duration and timing. Besides, the adverse health effects of reduced weekday sleep were independent from the significant adverse effects of several other individual sleep-wake characteristics including poorer nighttime sleepability and lower daytime wakeability. We concluded that university students perceive the negative health impacts of losing sleep by waking up early on weekdays irrespective of their night sleep quality and daytime level of alertness. Their chronotype and weekday-weekend difference in sleep times might not be among significant contributors to this perception. It is of practical importance to consider the reduction of weekday sleep losses among the interventions aimed at preventing sleep and health problems.
睡眠不足与自我感知健康状况下降之间的关联以前就已经得到充分证实。此外，有时还表明，健康状况较差的指标与昼夜类型以及睡眠时间和持续时间的工作日-周末差距有显著关系。然而，昼夜类型和这些差距是否可以独立于睡眠时间缩短而对健康自评评分产生影响，或者它们与健康的关系是否可以简单地解释为与工作日睡眠不足有关，这仍有待阐明。在一项在线调查中，我们测试了大学生的自我健康评分是否可以通过睡眠-觉醒周期的几个个体特征来预测，例如昼夜类型、工作日和周末的睡眠时间、工作日-周末睡眠时间差距、不同时间的睡眠能力和醒来能力等。从 1582 名大学生的智能手机中收集了关于一般健康状况的问题和几个生物钟评估问卷的项目的回答（平均年龄±标准差为 19.5±1.7 岁）。回归分析的结果表明，自我健康评分较低的可能性与工作日早起、工作日晚睡以及相应的工作日睡眠时间缩短显著相关。在考虑到工作日睡眠后，自我健康评分与昼夜类型或工作日-周末睡眠持续时间和时间的差异均无显著关联。此外，减少工作日睡眠的不良健康影响与夜间睡眠质量和白天警觉性等其他几个个体睡眠-觉醒特征的显著不良影响无关。我们得出结论，大学生认为工作日早起会对健康产生负面影响，而不管他们的夜间睡眠质量和白天警觉性如何。他们的昼夜类型和工作日-周末睡眠时间差异可能不是导致这种感知的重要因素之一。考虑减少工作日睡眠损失是预防睡眠和健康问题的干预措施中的一个重要方面。
