Kirsch I
J Hist Behav Sci. 1977 Oct;13(4):317-25. doi: 10.1002/1520-6696(197710)13:4<317::aid-jhbs2300130403>3.0.co;2-r.
By the end of the nineteenth century, psychology had become a mature scientific discipline unified around a common paradigm. Although the underlying unity of the field was recognized at the time, it has generally been obscured in later historical writings. In this article, the first "mentalist" paradigm of scientific psychology is examined. The mentalists shared a common definition of the field, two accepted modes of observation, and a common conception of the relationship between modes of observation and data thus observed. Rival schools advanced competing articulations of this shared paradigmatic structure.
到19世纪末,心理学已成为一门围绕共同范式统一起来的成熟科学学科。尽管该领域的潜在统一性在当时已得到认可,但在后来的历史著作中却普遍被掩盖了。在本文中,我们将审视科学心理学的第一个“心理主义”范式。心理主义者对该领域有着共同的定义、两种被认可的观察方式,以及对观察方式与所观察到的数据之间关系的共同概念。相互竞争的学派提出了对这种共享范式结构的不同阐述。