Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021 Jul 1;16(7):993-1000. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0639. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
To assess the effects of a short-term taper on the ability to perform repeated high-intensity efforts, depending on players' fatigue level following an intensive training block.
After a 3-day off-season camp, 13 players followed the same 3-week preseason training block followed by a 7-day exponential taper. Performance was assessed by a repeated high-intensity effort test before and after the taper. Total sprint time, percentage of decrement, and the number of sprints equal to or higher than 90% of the best sprint were retained for analysis. Players were a posteriori classified in normal training or acute fatigue groups based on their readiness to perform prior to the taper, assessed through the magnitude of difference in psychological (Profile of Mood State Questionnaire), cardiovascular (submaximal constant-duration cycling), and neuromuscular (countermovement jump) tests between the preintensive and postintensive training blocks.
Training load declined by 55% (9%) during the taper (P = .001, g = -2.54). The overall group showed a small improvement in total sprint time (-3.40% [3.90%], P = .04, g = -0.39) following the taper. Relative changes tended to be higher in the acute fatigue compared with the normal training group (-5.07% [4.52%] vs -1.45% [1.88%], respectively; P = .08; d = 1.01). No taper-induced improvement was observed in percentage of decrement or number of sprints equal to or higher than 90% of the best sprint.
A 7-day taper consisting of 55% training load reduction improved repeated high-intensity effort performance in young elite rugby union players. Pretaper level of fatigue seems to be a key determinant in the taper supercompensation process, as acutely fatigued players at the end of the intensive training block tended to benefit more from the taper.
评估短期减量对高强度重复努力能力的影响，取决于运动员在密集训练阶段后的疲劳水平。
13 名运动员在为期 3 天的休赛期训练营后，遵循相同的 3 周季前训练阶段，然后进行 7 天的指数减量。在减量前后，通过重复高强度努力测试评估表现。总冲刺时间、递减百分比和等于或高于最佳冲刺 90%的冲刺次数保留用于分析。根据运动员在减量前的表现准备情况，通过密集训练前后心理（心境状态问卷）、心血管（亚最大恒时长时间骑行）和神经肌肉（反跳式跳跃）测试之间的差值大小，将运动员分为正常训练或急性疲劳组。
减量期间训练负荷下降 55%（9%）（P =.001，g = -2.54）。整个组在减量后总冲刺时间有较小的提高（-3.40%[3.90%]，P =.04，g = -0.39）。与正常训练组相比，急性疲劳组的相对变化趋势更高（-5.07%[4.52%]比-1.45%[1.88%]，分别；P =.08；d = 1.01）。在递减百分比或等于或高于最佳冲刺 90%的冲刺次数方面，没有观察到减量引起的改善。
由 55%训练负荷减少组成的 7 天减量提高了年轻精英橄榄球联盟运动员的高强度重复努力表现。减量前的疲劳水平似乎是减量超补偿过程的关键决定因素，因为在密集训练阶段结束时急性疲劳的运动员似乎从减量中受益更多。
