Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.
CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;113(6):1619-1626. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa444.
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker for aging and chronic disease burden that may capture the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects attributed to healthy diets.
The aim was to examine whether several healthy dietary patterns and a lower inflammatory potential of diet are associated with lower concentrations of GDF-15 in older adults.
We used cross-sectional data from 2501 older adults participating in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study. Four diet indices were derived from habitual food consumption estimated with a validated diet history: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Associations of these indices with GDF-15 concentrations were analyzed using linear regression models and adjusted for risk factors and biomarkers associated with chronic disease.
There was a clear dose-response association between all dietary patterns and serum GDF-15 concentrations; the GDF-15 mean reductions (95% CI) per 1-SD increment in the diet indices were 1.6% (0.1%, 3.1%) for the MEDAS, 2.1% (0.5%, 3.7%) for the AHEI-2010, and 1.6% (0.1%, 3.2%) for the DASH, whereas a mean GDF-15 increase of 1.7% (0.2%, 3.4%) was observed per 1-SD increment in the DII. In analyses excluding fruit and vegetable components from the diet indices, the association for the MEDAS and the AHEI-2010 remained but was attenuated for the DASH. Analyses excluding participants with cardiovascular disease or diabetes rendered very similar results.
A higher adherence to several healthy dietary patterns and a lower inflammatory potential of diet were related to lower concentrations of GDF-15 in older adults, suggesting that improving diet quality may reduce inflammation and possibly promote healthy aging.
生长分化因子 15（GDF-15）是一种与衰老和慢性疾病负担相关的生物标志物，它可能反映了健康饮食所带来的抗炎和抗氧化作用。
本研究旨在探讨几种健康的饮食模式和较低的饮食炎症潜能是否与老年人中 GDF-15 浓度降低有关。
我们使用了参与 Seniors-ENRICA-2 研究的 2501 名老年人的横断面数据。通过使用经过验证的饮食史来估计习惯性食物摄入，从饮食中得出了 4 个饮食指数：地中海饮食依从性筛查器（MEDAS）、替代健康饮食指数-2010（AHEI-2010）、停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）和饮食炎症指数（DII）。使用线性回归模型分析这些指数与 GDF-15 浓度之间的关系，并调整与慢性疾病相关的风险因素和生物标志物。
所有饮食模式与血清 GDF-15 浓度之间均存在明显的剂量反应关系；饮食指数每增加 1 个标准差，GDF-15 的平均降低量（95%CI）分别为 MEDAS 为 1.6%（0.1%，3.1%），AHEI-2010 为 2.1%（0.5%，3.7%），DASH 为 1.6%（0.1%，3.2%），而 DII 每增加 1 个标准差，GDF-15 则平均增加 1.7%（0.2%，3.4%）。在排除饮食指数中水果和蔬菜成分的分析中，MEDAS 和 AHEI-2010 的关联仍然存在，但 DASH 的关联减弱。排除心血管疾病或糖尿病患者的分析结果非常相似。
较高的健康饮食模式依从性和较低的饮食炎症潜能与老年人中 GDF-15 浓度降低有关，这表明改善饮食质量可能会降低炎症水平，并可能促进健康衰老。
