Division of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
Genetics, Genomics and Breeding Department, NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Feb 24;12(3):322. doi: 10.3390/genes12030322.
Sweet cherry production faces new challenges that necessitate the exploitation of genetic resources such as varietal collections and landraces in breeding programs. A harmonized approach to characterization is key for an optimal utilization of germplasm in breeding. This study reports the genotyping of 63 sweet cherry accessions using a harmonized set of 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers optimized in two multiplexed PCR reactions. Thirty-eight distinct allelic profiles were identified. The set of SSR markers chosen proved highly informative in these germplasm; an average of 6.3 alleles per locus, a PIC value of 0.59 and above-average expected and observed heterozygosity levels were detected. Additionally, 223 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers derived from eight selective primer combinations were employed to further differentiate 17 closely related accessions, confirming the SSR analysis. Genetic relationships between internationally known old cultivars were revealed: SSR fingerprints of "Schneiders Späte Knorpelkirsche" and "Germersdorfer" were found to be identical to those of the standard cultivar "Noire de Meched", among others, whereas four accessions known as "Hedelfinger Riesenkirsche" and four known as "Große Schwarze Knorpelkirsche" showed allelic differences at various loci. The genetic diversity of locally-grown cultivars worldwide might be currently underestimated. Several autochthonous Austrian sweet cherry germplasm accessions were genotyped for the first time and their genetic relationships analyzed and discussed. Interestingly, seven Austrian sweet cherry landraces were shown to be clearly genetically separated from international and modern varieties, indicating that Austrian germplasm could include valuable genetic resources for future breeding efforts.
甜樱桃生产面临新的挑战，需要在品种选育计划中利用遗传资源，如品种收集和地方品种。采用协调一致的方法对品种进行特征描述，是优化种质资源在品种选育中利用的关键。本研究利用优化的两个多重 PCR 反应中的 11 个简单序列重复（SSR）标记，对 63 个甜樱桃品种进行了基因型分析。鉴定出 38 个独特的等位基因谱。所选的 SSR 标记在这些种质资源中表现出高度的信息性；每个位点平均有 6.3 个等位基因，PIC 值为 0.59 以上，平均预期和观察杂合度水平较高。此外，利用 8 种选择性引物组合衍生的 223 个扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）标记进一步区分了 17 个亲缘关系密切的品种，证实了 SSR 分析的结果。揭示了国际知名老品种之间的遗传关系：“Schneiders Späte Knorpelkirsche”和“Germersdorfer”的 SSR 指纹与标准品种“Noire de Meched”等品种的指纹相同，而 4 个被称为“Hedelfinger Riesenkirsche”和 4 个被称为“Große Schwarze Knorpelkirsche”的品种在不同的位点显示出等位基因差异。世界各地的地方品种的遗传多样性可能被低估了。首次对一些本地生长的奥地利甜樱桃品种进行了基因型分析，并对其遗传关系进行了分析和讨论。有趣的是，7 个奥地利甜樱桃地方品种与国际和现代品种明显遗传分离，表明奥地利种质资源可能包含有价值的遗传资源，可用于未来的育种工作。
