Montaseri Hanieh, Kruger Cherie Ann, Abrahamse Heidi
Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Feb 24;13(3):296. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030296.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative modality to conventional cancer treatment, whereby a specific wavelength of light is applied to a targeted tumor, which has either a photosensitizer or photochemotherapeutic agent localized within it. This light activates the photosensitizer in the presence of molecular oxygen to produce phototoxic species, which in turn obliterate cancer cells. The incidence rate of breast cancer (BC) is regularly growing among women, which are currently being treated with methods, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. These conventional treatment methods are invasive and often produce unwanted side effects, whereas PDT is more specific and localized method of cancer treatment. The utilization of nanoparticles in PDT has shown great advantages compared to free photosensitizers in terms of solubility, early degradation, and biodistribution, as well as far more effective intercellular penetration and uptake in targeted cancer cells. This review gives an overview of the use of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), including: gold, magnetic, carbon-based, ceramic, and up-conversion NPs, as well as quantum dots in PDT over the last 10 years (2009 to 2019), with a particular focus on the active targeting strategies for the PDT treatment of BC.
光动力疗法（PDT）是一种替代传统癌症治疗的方法，即向已定位有光敏剂或光化学治疗剂的靶向肿瘤施加特定波长的光。这种光在分子氧存在下激活光敏剂，产生光毒性物质，进而消灭癌细胞。乳腺癌（BC）在女性中的发病率呈持续上升趋势，目前采用化疗、放疗和手术等方法进行治疗。这些传统治疗方法具有侵入性，且常常产生不良副作用，而光动力疗法是一种更具特异性和局部性的癌症治疗方法。与游离光敏剂相比，在光动力疗法中使用纳米颗粒在溶解性、早期降解、生物分布以及在靶向癌细胞中的细胞间穿透和摄取方面显示出巨大优势。本文综述了过去10年（2009年至2019年）无机纳米颗粒（NPs），包括金、磁性、碳基、陶瓷和上转换纳米颗粒以及量子点在光动力疗法中的应用，特别关注光动力疗法治疗乳腺癌的主动靶向策略。
