Trinchera Alessandra, Testani Elena, Roccuzzo Giancarlo, Campanelli Gabriele, Ciaccia Corrado
Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria. Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via della Navicella, 2, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia Agraria. Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura (CREA-OFA), Corso Savoia 190, 95124 Acireale, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2021 Feb 16;9(2):410. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020410.
Mycorrhizal symbiosis represents a valuable tool for increasing plant nutrient uptake, affecting system biodiversity, ecosystem services and productivity. Introduction of agroecological service crops (ASCs) in cropping systems may determine changes in weed community, that can affect the development of the mycorrhizal mycelial network in the rhizosphere, favoring or depressing the cash crop mycorrhization. Two no-till Mediterranean organic horticultural systems were considered: one located in central Italy, where organic melon was transplanted on four winter-cereals mulches (rye, spelt, barley, wheat), one located in southern Italy (Sicily), where barley (as catch crop) was intercropped in an organic young orange orchard, with the no tilled, unweeded systems taken as controls. Weed "Supporting Arbuscular Mycorrhiza" (SAM) trait, weed density and biodiversity indexes, mycorrhization of coexistent plants in the field, the external mycelial network on roots were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, crop P uptake, yield and quality were evaluated. We verified that cereals, used as green mulches or intercropped, may drive the weed selection in favor of the SAM species, and promote the mycelial network, thus significantly increasing the mycorrhization, the P uptake, the yield and quality traits of the cash crop. This is a relevant economic factor when introducing sustainable cropping practices and assessing the overall functionality of the agroecosystem.
菌根共生是一种增加植物养分吸收、影响系统生物多样性、生态系统服务和生产力的宝贵工具。在种植系统中引入农业生态服务作物（ASCs）可能会导致杂草群落发生变化，进而影响根际菌根菌丝网络的发育，对经济作物的菌根形成产生促进或抑制作用。研究考虑了两种免耕地中海有机园艺系统：一种位于意大利中部，在那里将有机甜瓜移栽到四种冬季谷物覆盖物（黑麦、斯佩尔特小麦、大麦、小麦）上；另一种位于意大利南部（西西里岛），在有机幼龄柑橘园中套种大麦（作为填闲作物），以免耕、不除草的系统作为对照。通过扫描电子显微镜分析杂草的“支持丛枝菌根”（SAM）特性、杂草密度和生物多样性指数、田间共存植物的菌根形成、根上的外部菌丝网络，评估作物的磷吸收、产量和品质。我们证实，用作绿色覆盖物或间作的谷物可能会促使杂草选择有利于SAM物种，并促进菌丝网络，从而显著增加经济作物的菌根形成、磷吸收、产量和品质特性。在引入可持续种植实践和评估农业生态系统的整体功能时，这是一个重要的经济因素。
