Department of Computer Engineering, Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, Sakarya, Turkey.
School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Feb 11;21(4):1273. doi: 10.3390/s21041273.
The efficiency of cooperative communication protocols to increase the reliability and range of transmission for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is proven, but identity verification and communication security are required to be ensured. Though it is difficult to maintain strong network connections between vehicles because of there high mobility, with the help of cooperative communication, it is possible to increase the communication efficiency, minimise delay, packet loss, and Packet Dropping Rate (PDR). However, cooperating with unknown or unauthorized vehicles could result in information theft, privacy leakage, vulnerable to different security attacks, etc. In this paper, a blockchain based secure and privacy preserving authentication protocol is proposed for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Blockchain is utilized to store and manage the authentication information in a distributed and decentralized environment and developed on the Ethereum platform that uses a digital signature algorithm to ensure confidentiality, non-repudiation, integrity, and preserving the privacy of the IoVs. For optimized communication, transmitted services are categorized into emergency and optional services. Similarly, to optimize the performance of the authentication process, IoVs are categorized as emergency and general IoVs. The proposed cooperative protocol is validated by numerical analyses which show that the protocol successfully increases the system throughput and decreases PDR and delay. On the other hand, the authentication protocol requires minimum storage as well as generates low computational overhead that is suitable for the IoVs with limited computer resources.
协作通信协议可提高车联网 (VANET) 的传输可靠性和范围，这已得到证实，但需要确保身份验证和通信安全。尽管由于车辆的高移动性，很难在车辆之间保持强网络连接，但借助协作通信，可以提高通信效率、最小化延迟、数据包丢失和数据包丢弃率 (PDR)。然而，与未知或未经授权的车辆协作可能导致信息被盗、隐私泄露、易受各种安全攻击等问题。在本文中，提出了一种基于区块链的安全和隐私保护认证协议，用于车联网 (IoV)。区块链用于在分布式和去中心化环境中存储和管理认证信息，并在以太坊平台上开发，该平台使用数字签名算法来确保保密性、不可否认性、完整性和 IoVs 的隐私保护。为了优化通信，传输服务分为紧急服务和可选服务。同样，为了优化认证过程的性能，IoVs 分为紧急和一般 IoVs。通过数值分析验证了所提出的协作协议，结果表明该协议成功提高了系统吞吐量，降低了 PDR 和延迟。另一方面，认证协议需要的存储量最小，并且生成的计算开销低，适用于计算机资源有限的 IoVs。
