Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India.
Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jul 7;22(14):5119. doi: 10.3390/s22145119.
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a new paradigm for vehicular networks. Using diverse access methods, IoV enables vehicles to connect with their surroundings. However, without data security, IoV settings might be hazardous. Because of the IoV's openness and self-organization, they are prone to malevolent attack. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a revolutionary blockchain-enabled game theory-based authentication mechanism for securing IoVs. Here, a three layer multi-trusted authorization solution is provided in which authentication of vehicles can be performed from initial entry to movement into different trusted authorities' areas without any delay by the use of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) in the beginning and later through duel gaming, and a dynamic Proof-of-Work (dPoW) consensus mechanism. Formal and informal security analyses justify the framework's credibility in more depth with mathematical proofs. A rigorous comparative study demonstrates that the suggested framework achieves greater security and functionality characteristics and provides lower transaction and computation overhead than many of the available solutions so far. However, these solutions never considered the prime concerns of physical cloning and side-channel attacks. However, the framework in this paper is capable of handling them along with all the other security attacks the previous work can handle. Finally, the suggested framework has been subjected to a blockchain implementation to demonstrate its efficacy with duel gaming to achieve authentication in addition to its capability of using lower burdened blockchain at the physical layer, which current blockchain-based authentication models for IoVs do not support.
车联网（IoV）是车辆网络的一种新范例。IoV 使用多种接入方式实现车辆与周围环境的连接。然而，如果没有数据安全，IoV 环境可能会存在危险。由于 IoV 的开放性和自组织性，它们容易受到恶意攻击。为了解决这个问题，本文提出了一种基于区块链和博弈论的革命性认证机制，用于保护 IoV。在这里，提供了一个三层多信任授权解决方案，其中使用物理不可克隆函数（PUFs）在初始进入和之后通过双游戏进行认证，车辆的认证可以在进入不同可信区域时进行，无需任何延迟，同时使用动态工作证明（dPoW）共识机制。正式和非正式的安全分析通过数学证明更深入地证明了框架的可信度。严格的比较研究表明，与目前为止的许多可用解决方案相比，所提出的框架具有更高的安全性和功能特性，并提供更低的交易和计算开销。然而，这些解决方案从未考虑过物理克隆和侧信道攻击的首要问题。然而，本文提出的框架能够处理这些问题，以及之前的工作可以处理的所有其他安全攻击。最后，所提出的框架已经在区块链实现中进行了测试，以展示其与双游戏结合的有效性，从而实现认证，此外，它还能够在物理层使用负担较小的区块链，而当前的 IoV 基于区块链的认证模型并不支持。
