Guttentag Annabel, Krishnakumar Krishothman, Cokcetin Nural, Hainsworth Steven, Harry Elizabeth, Carter Dee
Marie Bashir Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
Pathogens. 2021 Feb 11;10(2):194. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020194.
Superficial dermatophyte infections, commonly known as tineas, are the most prevalent fungal ailment and are increasing in incidence, leading to an interest in alternative treatments. Many floral honeys possess antimicrobial activity due to high sugar, low pH, and the production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) from the activity of the bee-derived enzyme glucose oxidase. Australian jarrah () honey produces particularly high levels of HO and has been found to be potently antifungal. This study characterized the activity of jarrah honey on fungal dermatophyte species. Jarrah honey inhibited dermatophytes with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.5-3.5% (/), which increased to ≥25% (/) when catalase was added. Microscopic analysis found jarrah honey inhibited the germination of conidia and scanning electron microscopy of mature hyphae after honey treatment revealed bulging and collapsed regions. When treated hyphae were stained using REDOX fluorophores these did not detect any internal oxidative stress, suggesting jarrah honey acts largely on the hyphal surface. Although HO appears critical for the antifungal activity of jarrah honey and its action on fungal cells, these effects persisted when HO was eliminated and could not be replicated using synthetic honey spiked with HO, indicating jarrah honey contains agents that augment antifungal activity.
浅表皮肤癣菌感染，通常称为癣，是最常见的真菌疾病，且发病率正在上升，这引发了人们对替代治疗方法的兴趣。许多花蜂蜜由于含糖量高、pH值低以及蜜蜂来源的葡萄糖氧化酶活性产生过氧化氢（H₂O₂）而具有抗菌活性。澳大利亚红柳桉树（Eucalyptus marginata）蜂蜜产生的H₂O₂水平特别高，并且已被发现具有强大的抗真菌作用。本研究对红柳桉树蜂蜜对皮肤癣菌物种的活性进行了表征。红柳桉树蜂蜜抑制皮肤癣菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为1.5 - 3.5%（v/v），添加过氧化氢酶后该浓度增加到≥25%（v/v）。显微镜分析发现红柳桉树蜂蜜抑制分生孢子的萌发，对成熟菌丝进行蜂蜜处理后的扫描电子显微镜显示有凸起和塌陷区域。当用氧化还原荧光团对处理后的菌丝进行染色时，未检测到任何内部氧化应激，这表明红柳桉树蜂蜜主要作用于菌丝表面。尽管H₂O₂似乎对红柳桉树蜂蜜的抗真菌活性及其对真菌细胞的作用至关重要，但当去除H₂O₂时这些作用仍然存在，并且使用添加了H₂O₂的合成蜂蜜无法复制这些作用，这表明红柳桉树蜂蜜含有增强抗真菌活性的成分。
