Słowińska Iwona, Jaskuła Radomir
Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
Insects. 2021 Feb 15;12(2):165. doi: 10.3390/insects12020165.
The two subfamilies Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae, also known as aquatic dance flies, are a group of small predatory insects occurring mainly in mountainous areas and the northern temperate. However, very little is known about distribution patterns for most of the species. Habitat preferences for 40 aquatic empidid species were analysed in the Pieniny Mts., Poland. Forty-six sampling sites from a major part of this relatively low mountain massif (400-770 m) were chosen, for which 17 micro and macrohabitat environmental variables were measured including both abiotic (altitude, stream mean width and depth, and shading) and biotic factors (13 dominant plant communities). Here we show that numerous studied aquatic Empididae were characterized by unique habitat preferences and were restricted to the foothills or the lower montane zone with only a few species characterized by wider elevational distribution. and (Hemerodromiinae), and and (Clinocerinae) were clearly associated with the highest altitudes and shaded areas while and (Clinocerinae) were clearly associated with the lower elevated, wider stream valleys overgrown by willow brakes. Species richness and diversity decreased along elevational gradient with the hump-shaped diversity pattern noted for the subfamily Clinocerinae. The altitude, size of river/stream as well as the type of plant community were found as the most important factors in the distribution of the studied aquatic empidid species. The present study is the first one focused on elevational diversity gradient and habitat preferences of Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae of central Europe, and one of only a few in the world.
舞虻亚科（Hemerodromiinae）和长角舞虻亚科（Clinocerinae），也被称为水生舞虻，是一类小型捕食性昆虫，主要分布在山区和北温带地区。然而，对于大多数物种的分布模式，人们知之甚少。在波兰的皮耶宁山脉，对40种水生舞虻的栖息地偏好进行了分析。从这个相对较低的山区（400 - 770米）的大部分区域选取了46个采样点，测量了17个微观和宏观栖息地环境变量，包括非生物因素（海拔、溪流平均宽度和深度以及遮荫情况）和生物因素（13个优势植物群落）。我们在此表明，众多被研究的水生舞虻具有独特的栖息地偏好，并且局限于山麓或低山地带，只有少数物种具有更广泛的海拔分布。 和 （舞虻亚科），以及 和 （长角舞虻亚科）明显与最高海拔和阴暗区域相关，而 和 （长角舞虻亚科）则明显与海拔较低、柳树丛生长的较宽河谷相关。物种丰富度和多样性沿着海拔梯度下降，长角舞虻亚科呈现出驼峰状的多样性模式。海拔、河流/溪流大小以及植物群落类型被发现是所研究的水生舞虻物种分布的最重要因素。本研究是第一项关注中欧舞虻亚科和长角舞虻亚科海拔多样性梯度和栖息地偏好的研究，也是世界上仅有的少数此类研究之一。
