Sommaggio Daniele, Zanotelli Livia, Vettorazzo Enrico, Burgio Giovanni, Fontana Paolo
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences-DISTAL, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Fondazione Edmund Mach-Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, 38057 Pergine Valsugana, Italy.
Insects. 2022 Mar 15;13(3):293. doi: 10.3390/insects13030293.
Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) are two key taxa for plant pollination. In the present research, the altitudinal distribution of these taxa was studied along two gradients (elevation range: 780-2130 m) in the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park (Northeastern Italy). Pan traps were used as a sampling device to collect both hoverflies and bees. Other than altitude, the effect of landscape complexity and plant diversity were considered as potential predictors of hoverfly and bee richness and abundance along the two gradients. A total of 68 species of hoverflies and 67 of bees were collected during one sampling year, confirming the efficacy of pan traps as a sampling device to study these taxa. Altitude was the main variable affecting both hoverfly and bee distribution. The two taxa show different distribution patterns: hoverflies have a unimodal distribution (richness and abundance) with peak at middle altitude (1500 m), while bees have a monotonic decline (richness and abundance) with increasing altitude. Both hoverfly and bee populations change with the increasing altitude, but the change in hoverflies is more pronounced than in bees. Species turnover dominates the β-diversity both for hoverflies and bees; therefore, the hoverfly and bee communities at higher altitudes are not subsamples of species at lower altitude but are characterized by different species. This poses important conservation consequences. Some rare species, typical of an alpine habitat were recorded; the present research represents important baseline data to plan a monitoring scheme aimed at evaluating the effect of climate change on pollinators in these fragile habitats.
食蚜蝇（双翅目：食蚜蝇科）和蜜蜂（膜翅目：Anthophila）是植物授粉的两个关键类群。在本研究中，沿着多洛米蒂贝卢内西国家公园（意大利东北部）的两个梯度（海拔范围：780 - 2130米）研究了这些类群的海拔分布。使用泛光灯诱捕器作为采样装置来收集食蚜蝇和蜜蜂。除海拔外，景观复杂性和植物多样性的影响被视为这两个梯度上食蚜蝇和蜜蜂丰富度及数量的潜在预测因子。在一个采样年份共收集到68种食蚜蝇和67种蜜蜂，证实了泛光灯诱捕器作为研究这些类群的采样装置的有效性。海拔是影响食蚜蝇和蜜蜂分布的主要变量。这两个类群呈现出不同的分布模式：食蚜蝇具有单峰分布（丰富度和数量），在中等海拔（1500米）处达到峰值，而蜜蜂则随着海拔升高呈单调下降（丰富度和数量）。食蚜蝇和蜜蜂种群都随海拔升高而变化，但食蚜蝇的变化比蜜蜂更明显。物种更替在食蚜蝇和蜜蜂的β多样性中都占主导地位；因此，高海拔地区的食蚜蝇和蜜蜂群落不是低海拔地区物种的子样本，而是具有不同的物种特征。这带来了重要的保护后果。记录到了一些典型的高山栖息地的稀有物种；本研究代表了重要的基线数据，可用于规划一个监测方案，旨在评估气候变化对这些脆弱栖息地传粉者的影响。
