Buss D M
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Apr;54(4):616-28. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.4.616.
Darwin's theory of sexual selection suggests that individuals compete with members of their own sex for reproductively relevant resources held by members of the opposite sex. Four empirical studies were conducted to identify tactics of intrasexual mate competition and to test four evolution-based hypotheses. A preliminary study yielded a taxonomy of tactics. Study 1 used close-friend observers to report performance frequencies of 23 tactics to test the hypotheses. Study 2 replicated Study 1's results by using a different data source and subject population. Study 3 provided an independent test of the hypotheses in assessing the perceived effectiveness of each tactic for male and female actors. Although the basic hypotheses were supported across all three studies, there were several predictive failures and unanticipated findings. Discussion centers on the heuristic as well as predictive role of evolutionary theory, and on implications for other arenas of intrasexual competition.
达尔文的性选择理论表明，个体与同性成员竞争，以获取异性成员所拥有的与繁殖相关的资源。进行了四项实证研究，以确定同性间配偶竞争的策略，并检验四个基于进化的假设。一项初步研究得出了策略的分类。研究1使用亲密朋友观察员报告23种策略的表现频率，以检验这些假设。研究2通过使用不同的数据源和研究对象群体复制了研究1的结果。研究3在评估每种策略对男性和女性行为者的感知有效性时，对这些假设进行了独立检验。尽管在所有三项研究中基本假设都得到了支持，但仍有一些预测失败和意外发现。讨论集中在进化理论的启发式作用和预测作用，以及对同性竞争其他领域的影响。
