Neuropediatric Unit, Department for Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sverige.
Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Pediatr Res. 2022 Jan;91(1):204-208. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01423-8. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
The developmental stages and function of immune cells in the central nervous system during infancy and childhood are poorly understood. We analyzed whether cytokine and chemokine profiles in children and adolescents with viral central nervous system infections were different depending on age.
The acute phase cerebrospinal fluid of 80 children (mean age 98 months, range 1-206 months) were analyzed for protein levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-1-RA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon (IFN) gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), IFN-γ, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).
We found an age-dependent increased expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, MIF, IP-10, and IFN-γ and a decreased expression of MCP-1 and IL-15 in response to a viral infection of the central nervous system. In contrast, all other cytokines and chemokine were unaffected by the age of the patient.
These findings demonstrate that the immunological response to a viral infection matures during childhood and adolescence. This may in turn be of importance for the outcome of a viral infection and the risk for subsequent sequela. It also demonstrates that age is a factor that needs to be considered when using cytokines and chemokines as biomarkers for infections in the central nervous system.
The immunological response to a viral infection matures during childhood and adolescence. This may be of importance for the outcome of a viral infection and the risk for subsequent sequela. It also demonstrates that age is a factor that needs to be considered when using cytokines and chemokines as biomarkers for infections in the central nervous system.
婴幼儿及儿童中枢神经系统免疫细胞的发育阶段和功能仍知之甚少。我们分析了儿童和青少年中枢神经系统病毒感染时细胞因子和趋化因子谱是否因年龄而异。
分析了 80 例儿童（平均年龄 98 个月，范围 1-206 个月）急性期脑脊液中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-1 受体拮抗剂（IL-1-RA）、IL-4、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13、IL-15、IL-17、IL-18、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、干扰素（IFN）γ诱导蛋白 10（IP-10）、IFN-γ和巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）的蛋白水平。
我们发现中枢神经系统病毒感染后，IL-4、IL-6、IL-13、MIF、IP-10 和 IFN-γ的表达随年龄呈依赖性增加，而 MCP-1 和 IL-15 的表达随年龄呈降低趋势。相比之下，其他所有细胞因子和趋化因子均不受患者年龄的影响。
这些发现表明，中枢神经系统病毒感染后的免疫反应在儿童和青少年时期逐渐成熟。这可能反过来对病毒感染的结果和随后发生后遗症的风险产生影响。这也表明，在将细胞因子和趋化因子用作中枢神经系统感染的生物标志物时，年龄是需要考虑的一个因素。
中枢神经系统病毒感染后的免疫反应在儿童和青少年时期逐渐成熟。这可能对病毒感染的结果和随后发生后遗症的风险产生影响。这也表明，在将细胞因子和趋化因子用作中枢神经系统感染的生物标志物时，年龄是需要考虑的一个因素。
