2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）封锁期间的饮食和体育活动（2020 年 3 月至 5 月）：来自法国 NutriNet-Santé 队列研究的结果。
Diet and physical activity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown (March-May 2020): results from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study.
机构信息
Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.
Paris-Est University, Lab'Urba, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Apr 6;113(4):924-938. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa336.
BACKGROUND
Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading steadily, resulting in overwhelmed health-care systems and numerous deaths worldwide. To counter these outcomes, many countries, including France, put in place strict lockdown measures, requiring the temporary closure of all but essential places and causing an unprecedented disruption of daily life.
OBJECTIVES
Our objective was to explore potential changes in dietary intake, physical activity, body weight, and food supply during the COVID-19 lockdown and how these differed according to individual characteristics.
METHODS
The analyses included 37,252 adults from the French web-based NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed lockdown-specific questionnaires in April-May 2020. Nutrition-related changes and their sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-status correlates were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. Clusters of participants were defined using an ascending hierarchical classification of change profiles derived from multiple correspondence analyses.
RESULTS
During the lockdown, trends of unfavorable changes were observed: decreased physical activity (reported by 53% of the participants), increased sedentary time (reported by 63%), increased snacking, decreased consumption of fresh food (especially fruit and fish), and increased consumption of sweets, cookies, and cakes. Yet, the opposite trends were also observed: increased home cooking (reported by 40%) and increased physical activity (reported by 19%). Additionally, 35% of the participants gained weight (mean weight gain in these individuals, 1.8 kg ± SD 1.3 kg) and 23% lost weight (2 kg ± SD 1.4 kg weight loss). All of these trends displayed associations with various individual characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that nutrition-related changes occurred during the lockdown in both unfavorable and favorable directions. The observed unfavorable changes should be considered in the event of a future lockdown, and should also be monitored to prevent an increase in the nutrition-related burden of disease, should these diet/physical activity changes be maintained in the long run. Understanding the favorable changes may help extend them on a broader scale. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.
背景
自 2019 年 12 月以来，2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）一直在稳步传播，导致全球医疗系统不堪重负，死亡人数众多。为了应对这些结果，包括法国在内的许多国家都实施了严格的封锁措施，要求临时关闭所有非必要场所，导致日常生活受到前所未有的干扰。
目的
我们的目的是探讨 COVID-19 封锁期间饮食摄入、身体活动、体重和食物供应的潜在变化，以及这些变化如何因个体特征而异。
方法
该分析包括来自法国基于网络的 NutriNet-Santé 队列的 37252 名成年人，他们在 2020 年 4 月至 5 月期间完成了与封锁相关的问卷。使用多变量逻辑回归模型研究了与营养相关的变化及其社会人口统计学、生活方式和健康状况的相关性。使用多元对应分析得出的多个变化特征的升序层次分类来定义参与者的聚类。
结果
在封锁期间，观察到了不利变化的趋势：体力活动减少（报告的参与者占 53%），久坐时间增加（报告的参与者占 63%），零食摄入量增加，新鲜食品（尤其是水果和鱼）消费减少，甜食、饼干和蛋糕消费增加。然而，也观察到了相反的趋势：在家做饭增加（报告的参与者占 40%）和体力活动增加（报告的参与者占 19%）。此外，35%的参与者体重增加（这些人平均体重增加 1.8 公斤±1.3 公斤标准差），23%的参与者体重减轻（2 公斤±1.4 公斤体重减轻）。所有这些趋势都与各种个体特征有关。
结论
这些结果表明，在封锁期间，营养相关的变化朝着不利和有利的方向都发生了。在未来的封锁中，应该考虑到这些不利的变化，并且应该进行监测，以防止这些饮食/身体活动变化如果长期保持，疾病的营养相关负担增加。了解有利的变化可能有助于在更大范围内扩展它们。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT03335644。
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