Monroe-Lord Lillie, Ardakani Azam, Brown Ricardo, Asongwed Elmira, Duan Xuejing, Jeffery Tia, Jackson Phronie
Department of Health, Nursing and Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
Department of Data Analytics, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 May 22;17(11):1754. doi: 10.3390/nu17111754.
: The global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly altered everyday routines, even influencing dietary behaviors and food choices. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in the consumption of various food sources and to examine the likelihood of nutritional vulnerability while exploring potential age and sex differences. : This study employed a cross-sectional design through an online survey using the Qualtrics platform. Participants' nutritional risk was assessed both before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (retrospectively) using the Dietary Screening Tool. This study involved a large sample of 10,050 participants aged between 40 and 100 years. The main outcome measures included changes in food consumption after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (from 9 August to 15 September 2020) and the likelihood of being classified as "nutritionally vulnerable" across different age and sex groups. Paired-samples -tests were used to compare dietary changes before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, chi-square tests were used to explore categorical differences, and binary logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of nutritional vulnerability. : The analysis revealed significant sex- and age-related differences in food consumption patterns after the onset of the pandemic. Men had a 30% greater likelihood of decreased dairy and processed meat consumption than women after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant reductions in the consumption of processed meats (130%), vegetables (96%), lean protein (33%), and dairy (11%) were observed among individuals aged 40-60 years compared to those aged 81-100 years. The 61-80-year age group had a greater reduction in dairy consumption (21%) than the 81-100-year age group. Furthermore, women exhibited 17% greater odds of being classified as "nutritionally vulnerable" after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, age did not emerge as a significant predictor of nutritional vulnerability. : The findings of this study can inform public health practitioners when developing interventions for improving dietary habits during and after pandemics, especially among vulnerable populations.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的全球大流行显著改变了日常生活，甚至影响了饮食行为和食物选择。本研究旨在调查COVID-19大流行对各种食物来源消费变化的影响，并在探索潜在的年龄和性别差异的同时，研究营养脆弱性的可能性。
本研究采用横断面设计，通过Qualtrics平台进行在线调查。使用膳食筛查工具对参与者在COVID-19大流行开始之前和之后（回顾性地）的营养风险进行评估。本研究涉及10050名年龄在40至100岁之间的大量样本。主要结局指标包括COVID-19大流行开始后（2020年8月9日至9月15日）食物消费的变化，以及不同年龄和性别组被归类为“营养脆弱”的可能性。配对样本t检验用于比较COVID-19大流行开始前后的饮食变化，卡方检验用于探索分类差异，二元逻辑回归用于评估营养脆弱性的可能性。
分析显示，大流行开始后，食物消费模式存在显著的性别和年龄差异。COVID-19大流行开始后，男性减少乳制品和加工肉类消费的可能性比女性高30%。与81至100岁的人群相比，40至60岁的人群中加工肉类（130%）、蔬菜（96%）、瘦肉蛋白（33%）和乳制品（11%）的消费量显著减少。61至80岁年龄组的乳制品消费量减少幅度（21%）大于81至100岁年龄组。此外，COVID-19大流行开始后，女性被归类为“营养脆弱”的几率高出17%。然而，年龄并未成为营养脆弱性的显著预测因素。
本研究的结果可为公共卫生从业者在制定大流行期间及之后改善饮食习惯的干预措施时提供参考，尤其是针对弱势群体。
