Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
Université Paris 8, DysCo lab, Saint-Denis, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
Cognition. 2021 Jun;211:104645. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104645. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
Although human thinking is often biased by erroneous intuitions, recent de-bias studies suggest that people's performance can be boosted by short training interventions, where the correct answers to reasoning problems are explained. However, the nature of this training effect remains unclear. Does training help participants correct erroneous intuitions through deliberation? Or does it help them develop correct intuitions? We addressed this issue in three studies, by focusing on the well-known Bat-and-Ball problem. We used a two-response paradigm in which participants first gave an initial intuitive response, under time pressure and cognitive load, and then gave a final response after deliberation. Studies 1 and 2 showed that not only did training boost performance, it did so as early as the intuitive stage. After training, most participants solved the problems correctly from the outset and no longer needed to correct an initial incorrect answer through deliberation. Study 3 indicated that this sound intuiting sustained over at least two months. The findings confirm that a short training can boost sound reasoning at an intuitive stage. We discuss key theoretical and applied implications.
尽管人类思维常常受到错误直觉的影响，但最近的去偏倚研究表明，简短的培训干预可以提高人们的表现，即解释推理问题的正确答案。然而，这种训练效果的本质尚不清楚。培训是通过深思熟虑帮助参与者纠正错误的直觉，还是帮助他们形成正确的直觉？我们在三项研究中关注了这个问题，重点研究了著名的蝙蝠和球问题。我们使用了双反应范式，参与者首先在时间压力和认知负荷下给出初始直觉反应，然后在深思熟虑后给出最终反应。研究 1 和研究 2 表明，培训不仅提高了表现，而且早在直觉阶段就提高了表现。经过培训，大多数参与者从一开始就正确地解决了问题，不再需要通过深思熟虑来纠正初始的错误答案。研究 3 表明，这种正确的直觉至少可以持续两个月。研究结果证实，简短的培训可以在直觉阶段提高合理推理能力。我们讨论了关键的理论和应用意义。
