College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
Res Vet Sci. 2021 May;136:174-181. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.021. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Amebiasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which mainly shows symptoms of acute diarrhea, dysentery, amebic colitis, and amebic liver abscesses. As the fourth leading parasitic cause of human mortality, E. histolytica mainly infect children in developing countries, transmitted by food and water contamination. In the majority of infected individuals, Entamoeba sp. asymptomatically colonizes the large intestine and self-limiting, while in others, the parasite breaches the mucosal epithelial barrier to cause amebic colitis and can disseminate to soft organs to cause abscesses. Metronidazole (MTZ) is the recommended and most widely used drug for treating the invasive amebiasis. No amebiasis vaccine has been approved for human clinical trials to date, but many recent vaccine development studies hold promise. For the prevention and control of amebiasis, improvement of water purification systems and hygiene practices could decrease disease incidence. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the zoonotic amebiasis.
溶组织内阿米巴病是由原生动物寄生虫溶组织内阿米巴引起的疾病，主要表现为急性腹泻、痢疾、阿米巴结肠炎和肝脓肿症状。作为人类第四大主要寄生虫致死原因，溶组织内阿米巴主要感染发展中国家的儿童，通过食物和水污染传播。在大多数受感染个体中，内阿米巴属无症状定植于大肠并自行限制，而在其他个体中，寄生虫破坏黏膜上皮屏障引起阿米巴结肠炎，并可传播至软组织引起脓肿。甲硝唑（MTZ）是治疗侵袭性阿米巴病的推荐和最广泛使用的药物。迄今为止，尚无批准用于人体临床试验的阿米巴病疫苗，但最近的许多疫苗开发研究前景看好。为了预防和控制阿米巴病，可以通过改善水净化系统和卫生习惯来降低疾病发病率。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了动物源阿米巴病的流行病学、传播途径、临床症状、发病机制、诊断、治疗、预防和控制。
