Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Akebono-cho 2-5-1, Kochi, Japan.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2021 Apr 8;368(5). doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnab019.
Dormant (resting) cyst formation (encystment) in unicellular eukaryotes is the process of a large-scale digestion of vegetative cell structures and reconstruction into the dormant form, which is performed by cell signaling pathways accompanied by up- or down-regulation of protein expression, and by posttranslational modification such as phosphorylation. In this review, the author describes the morphogenetic events during encystment of Colpoda and the early molecular events in the Ca2+/calmodulin-triggered signaling pathways for encystment, based mainly on our research results of the past 10 years; especially, the author discusses the role of c-AMP dependently phosphorylated proteins (ribosomal P0 protein, ribosomal S5 protein, Rieske iron-sulfur protein, actin and histone H4) and encystment-dependently upregulated (EF-1α-HSP60, actin-related protein) and downregulated proteins (ATP synthase β-chain). In addition, the roles of AMPK, a key molecule in the signaling pathways leading to Colpoda encystment, and differentially expressed genes and proteins during encystment of other ciliates are discussed.
单细胞真核生物的休眠（静止）囊形成（囊化）是一个大规模消化营养细胞结构并重建为休眠形式的过程，该过程由细胞信号通路伴随着蛋白质表达的上调或下调以及翻译后修饰（如磷酸化）来执行。在这篇综述中，作者主要根据过去 10 年的研究结果，描述了科尔帕达囊化过程中的形态发生事件以及 Ca2+/钙调蛋白触发的囊化信号通路中的早期分子事件；特别是，作者讨论了 c-AMP 依赖性磷酸化蛋白（核糖体 P0 蛋白、核糖体 S5 蛋白、Rieske 铁硫蛋白、肌动蛋白和组蛋白 H4）以及囊化依赖性上调（EF-1α-HSP60、肌动蛋白相关蛋白）和下调蛋白（ATP 合酶β链）的作用。此外，还讨论了 AMPK 在导致科尔帕达囊化的信号通路中的关键分子以及其他纤毛虫囊化过程中差异表达的基因和蛋白的作用。
