Mekonnen Dereje, Gizaw Andamlak, Kebede Bruktawit
Department of Dental Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Int J Dent. 2021 Feb 17;2021:6695664. doi: 10.1155/2021/6695664. eCollection 2021.
Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a gradually developing pathological condition manifested by a limited mouth opening. It can result in an extremely disabling deformity that may affect mastication, swallowing, speech, oral hygiene, and facial cosmetic appearance. The present study aimed to determine the pattern of TMJA at St. Paul's Hospital millennium medical college (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
A retrospective descriptive study design was conducted at SPHMMC. All medical records of patients with the diagnosis of TMJA that visited the Maxillofacial Surgery unit from September 2010 through August 2019 were reviewed. Sociodemographic and clinical data including age, sex, place of residency, duration of TMJA cases, etiology, clinical presentations, imaging results, type of surgical operation, and complications after surgery were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 20 for Windows (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp) computer program.
A total of 130 patients' medical records were reviewed. Out of this, 95 were included in the study. Forty-two (44.2%) of the TMJA cases were males, while the remaining 53 (55.8%) were females with a male to female ratio of 0.79 : 1. 20-29-year-old patients were the most affected, 36 (37.9%), followed by the 30 to 39 years age group, 33 (34.7%). Trauma (77.9%) was identified as the most common cause of TMJA. Notably, bilateral ankylosis (72.6%) was more common than unilateral (27.3%), and micrognathia was the most common (23.0%) deformity observed. The majority 52 (54.7%) of TMJA patients were treated with gap arthroplasty.
TMJA was predominant among females than their male counterparts. Of note, 20-29-year-old patients were the most affected group. The majority of TMJA cases were treated by gap arthroplasty with almost no postoperative complications. Early detection and intervention to release the ankylosed joint is needed to improve patients' quality of life.
颞下颌关节强直（TMJA）是一种逐渐发展的病理状况，表现为张口受限。它可导致极其致残的畸形，可能影响咀嚼、吞咽、言语、口腔卫生和面部美观。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴圣保罗医院千禧医学院（SPHMMC）的TMJA模式。
在SPHMMC进行了一项回顾性描述性研究设计。回顾了2010年9月至2019年8月期间到颌面外科就诊的诊断为TMJA患者的所有病历。收集社会人口统计学和临床数据，包括年龄、性别、居住地点、TMJA病例持续时间、病因、临床表现、影像学结果、手术类型和术后并发症，并使用适用于Windows的IBM SPSS软件版本20（美国纽约州阿蒙克：IBM公司）计算机程序进行分析。
共回顾了130例患者的病历。其中，95例纳入研究。42例（44.2%）TMJA病例为男性，其余53例（55.8%）为女性，男女比例为0.79∶1。20至29岁的患者受影响最大，有36例（37.9%），其次是30至39岁年龄组，有33例（34.7%）。创伤（77.9%）被确定为TMJA最常见的原因。值得注意的是，双侧强直（72.6%）比单侧强直（27.3%）更常见，小颌畸形是观察到的最常见（23.0%）畸形。大多数（52例，54.7%）TMJA患者接受了间隙关节成形术治疗。
TMJA在女性中比男性更常见。值得注意的是，20至29岁的患者是受影响最大的群体。大多数TMJA病例通过间隙关节成形术治疗，几乎没有术后并发症。需要早期检测和干预以松解强直关节，以改善患者的生活质量。
