Hwang Kun, Park Chan Yong
Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021 Feb 22;9(2):e3419. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003419. eCollection 2021 Feb.
The aim of this study was to summarize the existing literature on the origin of the concept of the divine proportion and its usage in the plastic surgery field.
In PubMed, the search terms [golden ratio AND (plastic surgery OR aesthetic surgery OR face)] were used, resulting in 65 articles. Among them, 15 articles were excluded and 50 abstracts were reviewed, of which 45 were excluded. The remaining 5 full articles and 11 other mined articles were reviewed.
No evidence was found that the golden ratio had been used in any architecture or paintings before Pacioli's () (1509), after which painters begin to use this ratio in their art. Fechner (1876) found that the golden ratio (1:1.618) was more aesthetically pleasing than any other proportion of rectangles. Recently Marquardt invented a facial mask containing decagons and pentagons that embody φ in all dimensions, and claimed that this mask yielded the most beautiful shape of the human face. However, it did not fit the average facial features of northwestern Europeans or their perceptions of ideal femininity.
Mathematical regularity can be found in nature and in the human body. However, this does not necessarily mean that a "formula of beauty" exists in mathematics. From the contributions of modern aestheticians, we now know that the so-called "essence of beauty" cannot be derived from the mathematical "formula of beauty" in the object itself. Therefore, it is suggested that beauty is based on biology, rather than on mathematics.
本研究的目的是总结关于黄金比例概念的起源及其在整形外科领域应用的现有文献。
在PubMed中，使用搜索词[黄金比例 AND（整形外科 OR 美容外科 OR 面部）]，检索到65篇文章。其中，排除15篇文章，对50篇摘要进行了审查，其中45篇被排除。对其余5篇全文和11篇其他挖掘出的文章进行了审查。
没有证据表明在帕乔利（1509年）之前黄金比例曾被用于任何建筑或绘画中，此后画家们开始在他们的艺术中使用这个比例。费希纳（1876年）发现黄金比例（1:1.618）比任何其他矩形比例在美学上更令人愉悦。最近，马夸特发明了一种包含十边形和五边形的面罩，其在所有维度上都体现了φ，并声称这个面罩呈现出了最美丽的人脸形状。然而，它并不符合西北欧人的平均面部特征或他们对理想女性美的认知。
在自然界和人体中可以发现数学规律。然而，这并不一定意味着数学中存在“美的公式”。从现代美学家的贡献中，我们现在知道所谓的“美的本质”不能从对象本身的数学“美的公式”中推导出来。因此，有人提出美是基于生物学，而非数学。
