Gilreath Cordell, Boerma Marjan, Qin Zhiqiang, Hudson M Keith, Wang Shanzhi
Chemistry Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States.
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
Front Oncol. 2021 Feb 18;10:629422. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.629422. eCollection 2020.
The American Cancer Society has estimated an expected 279,100 new breast cancer cases, and an expected 42,690 breast cancer deaths in the U.S. for the year 2020. This includes an estimated 276,480 women who are expected to be diagnosed. Radiation therapy, also called ionizing radiation therapy, is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment of breast cancer. While radiation therapy is used in the treatment of more than 50% of all cancer cases, tumor resistance to ionizing radiation presents a major challenge for effective cancer treatment. Most tumor cells are in a hypoxic microenvironment that promotes resistance to radiation therapy. In addition to radiation resistance, the hypoxic microenvironment also promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the hypoxic microenvironment of breast cancer tumors, related signaling pathways, breast cancer stem-like cells, and the resistance to radiation therapy. Recent developments in our understanding of tumor hypoxia and hypoxic pathways may assist us in developing new strategies to increase cancer control in radiation therapy.
美国癌症协会估计，2020年美国预计有279,100例新发乳腺癌病例，预计有42,690人死于乳腺癌。这其中包括预计将被诊断出的276,480名女性。放射治疗，也称为电离辐射治疗，是治疗乳腺癌最常用的方法之一。虽然放射治疗用于超过50%的所有癌症病例的治疗，但肿瘤对电离辐射的抗性对有效的癌症治疗提出了重大挑战。大多数肿瘤细胞处于促进对放射治疗产生抗性的缺氧微环境中。除了放射抗性外，缺氧微环境还促进癌症增殖和转移。在本综述中，我们将讨论乳腺癌肿瘤的缺氧微环境、相关信号通路、乳腺癌干细胞样细胞以及对放射治疗的抗性。我们对肿瘤缺氧和缺氧途径理解的最新进展可能有助于我们制定新策略，以加强放射治疗中的癌症控制。
