Ameliorative impacts of Allium cepa Linnaeus aqueous extract against testicular damage induced by dexamethasone.

The present study aimed to explore the impact of onion (Allium cepa Linnaeus) extract on testicular damage induced by dexamethasone. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (control, dexamethasone, onion extract and dexamethasone group treated with onion extract). Testosterone levels, antioxidant parameters and the expression of caspase-3 and IL-1β, IL-12, IL-10 genes, as well as histopathological examination and immunohistochemical studies of Bcl2 and caspase-9 expression, were examined. Dexamethasone was found to decrease GSH, total antioxidant activity and testosterone levels, meanwhile treatment with onion extract normalised these levels. MDA was increased in dexamethasone group but appeared normal in the treated group. Dexamethasone was shown to downregulate IL-10 and IL-2 gene expression. Conversely, IL-1β and caspase-3 gene expression were upregulated by dexamethasone and normalised in the treated group. Histopathological analysis found that dexamethasone caused atrophy to the seminiferous tubules and degeneration to spermatocytes, and immunohistochemical analysis showed overexpression of caspase-9 and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 in dexamethasone group. These effects were normalised in the onion extract treated group. In conclusion, onion extract have a preventative effect against dexamethasone-induced testicular damage in rats; therefore, its use in complementary therapy is recommended.