小型零售企业预防犯罪条例的影响。
Impact of a crime prevention ordinance for small retail establishments.
机构信息
The Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
出版信息
Am J Ind Med. 2021 Jun;64(6):488-495. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23239. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
BACKGROUND
Ordinances requiring the implementation of robbery prevention measures have been enacted at the city level in many jurisdictions. We evaluated the impact of an ordinance requiring crime prevention measures on subsequent crime rates.
METHODS
Crime reports for robbery and aggravated assault from January 2006 through December 2015 were linked to randomly-selected convenience stores and small retail grocers in Houston (n = 293). Store characteristics and compliance with a list of safety measures were collected by surveyors in 2011. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare rates of crime before and after the implementation of the ordinance.
RESULTS
Robberies decreased significantly after the ordinance went into effect (rate ratio = 0.38; 95% confidence interval 0.29-0.51). No individual safety measure was associated with decreased robbery rates. No similar decrease was observed for aggravated assault.
CONCLUSIONS
City ordinances mandating crime prevention measures can be effective. We could not parse out the effectiveness of individual elements, suggesting a comprehensive approach may be more effective.
背景
在许多司法管辖区，市级法规都要求实施抢劫预防措施。我们评估了一项要求采取预防犯罪措施的法规对随后的犯罪率的影响。
方法
2006 年 1 月至 2015 年 12 月期间，休斯顿的随机便利店和小型零售杂货店的抢劫和严重攻击犯罪报告（n=293）与报告相关联。2011 年，调查员通过调查收集了商店特征和安全措施的合规情况。使用广义线性混合模型比较了法规实施前后的犯罪率。
结果
该法规生效后，抢劫案显著减少（比率比=0.38；95%置信区间 0.29-0.51）。没有任何单一的安全措施与减少抢劫率有关。严重攻击案没有观察到类似的减少。
结论
市级法规强制采取预防犯罪措施可能是有效的。我们无法解析个别要素的有效性，这表明综合方法可能更有效。
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