Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2021 Jun;12(3):339-352. doi: 10.1007/s13239-021-00524-z. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Robust experimental data for performing validation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of the transport of deformable solid bodies in internal flow are currently lacking. This in vitro experimental study characterizes the clot trapping efficiency of a new generic conical-type inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in a rigid anatomical model of the IVC with carefully characterized test conditions, fluid rheological properties, and clot mechanical properties.
Various sizes of spherical and cylindrical clots made of synthetic materials (nylon and polyacrylamide gel) and bovine blood are serially injected into the anatomical IVC model under worst-case exercise flow conditions. Clot trapping efficiencies and their uncertainties are then quantified for each combination of clot shape, size, and material.
Experiments reveal the clot trapping efficiency increases with increasing clot diameter and length, with trapping efficiencies ranging from as low as approximately 42% for small 3.2 mm diameter spherical clots up to 100% for larger clot sizes. Because of the asymmetry of the anatomical IVC model, the data also reveal the iliac vein of clot origin influences the clot trapping efficiency, with the trapping efficiency for clots injected into the left iliac vein up to a factor of 7.5 times greater than that for clots injected into the right iliac (trapping efficiencies of approximately 10% versus 75%, respectively).
Overall, this data set provides a benchmark for validating simulations predicting IVC filter clot trapping efficiency and, more generally, low-Reynolds number FSI modeling.
目前缺乏用于验证可变形固体在内部流动中传输的流固相互作用（FSI）模拟的稳健实验数据。本体外实验研究在静脉腔静脉（IVC）的刚性解剖模型中，通过精心设计的测试条件、流体流变特性和血栓机械特性，对新型通用锥形下腔静脉（IVC）滤器的血栓捕获效率进行了表征。
各种尺寸的球形和圆柱形合成材料（尼龙和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶）和牛血血栓被连续注入解剖 IVC 模型，在最坏情况下的运动流条件下。然后对每种血栓形状、尺寸和材料的组合，定量确定血栓捕获效率及其不确定性。
实验表明，血栓捕获效率随血栓直径和长度的增加而增加，捕获效率从直径为 3.2mm 的小球形血栓的约 42%到较大血栓尺寸的 100%不等。由于 IVC 解剖模型的不对称性，数据还表明起源于髂静脉的血栓会影响血栓捕获效率，注入左髂静脉的血栓捕获效率比注入右髂静脉的血栓捕获效率高 7.5 倍（捕获效率分别约为 10%和 75%）。
总体而言，该数据集为验证预测 IVC 滤器血栓捕获效率的模拟提供了基准，更普遍地为低雷诺数 FSI 建模提供了基准。
