Team Bio-PeroxIL, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" (EA7270), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, Dijon, France.
Team Bio-PeroxIL, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" (EA7270), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, Dijon, France; Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS "Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health", University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2021 Jun;210:105870. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105870. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Dysfunction of the immune system leads to lesions that cause motor, sensory, cognitive, visual and/or sphincter disturbances. In the long term, these disorders can progress towards an irreversible handicap. The diagnosis takes time because there are no specific criteria to diagnose multiple sclerosis. To realize the diagnosis, a combination of clinical, biological, and radiological arguments is therefore required. Hence, there is a need to identify multiple sclerosis biomarkers. Some biomarkers target immunity through the detection of oligoclonal bands, the measurement of the IgG index and cytokines. During the physiopathological process, the blood-brain barrier can be broken, and this event can be identified by measuring metalloproteinase activity and diffusion of gadolinium in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Markers of demyelination and of astrocyte and microglial activity may also be of interest as well as markers of neuronal damage and mitochondrial status. The measurement of different lipids in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid can also provide suitable information. These different lipids include fatty acids, fatty acid peroxidation products, phospholipids as well as oxidized derivatives of cholesterol (oxysterols). Oxysterols could constitute new biomarkers providing information on the form of multiple sclerosis, the outcome of the disease and the answer to treatment.
多发性硬化症是一种影响中枢神经系统的自身免疫性疾病。免疫系统功能障碍导致病变，引起运动、感觉、认知、视觉和/或括约肌障碍。从长远来看，这些疾病可能会发展为不可逆转的残疾。由于没有特定的标准来诊断多发性硬化症，因此诊断需要时间。为了实现诊断，因此需要结合临床、生物学和影像学证据。因此，有必要识别多发性硬化症的生物标志物。一些生物标志物通过检测寡克隆带、测量 IgG 指数和细胞因子来靶向免疫。在病理生理过程中，血脑屏障可能会被破坏，通过测量磁共振成像中大脑中金属蛋白酶的活性和钆的扩散可以识别到这一事件。脱髓鞘和星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞活性的标志物以及神经元损伤和线粒体状态的标志物也可能具有重要意义。血浆和脑脊液中不同脂质的测量也可以提供相关信息。这些不同的脂质包括脂肪酸、脂肪酸过氧化产物、磷脂以及胆固醇的氧化衍生物（氧化固醇）。氧化固醇可能构成新的生物标志物，提供有关多发性硬化症形式、疾病结局和治疗反应的信息。
