Wright Elizabeth N, Anderson Jocelyn, Phillips Kathleen, Miyamoto Sheridan
College of Nursing, 8082The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2022 Dec;23(5):1510-1528. doi: 10.1177/1524838021998305. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a prevalent phenomenon, yet an under-researched topic. Due to the complex nature of balancing love and fear, individuals who experience IPSV have unique needs and face unique barriers to seeking care. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the literature on help-seeking and barriers to care in IPSV. Articles were identified through PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Search terms included terms related to IPSV, intimate partner violence (IPV), domestic violence, sexual assault, and rape. The review was limited to the United States, and articles that were included needed to specifically measure or identify sexual violence in an intimate relationship and analyze or discuss IPSV in relation to help-seeking behaviors or barriers to care. Of the 17 articles included in this review, 13 were quantitative studies and four were qualitative studies. Various definitions and measurements of IPSV across studies included in this review make drawing broad conclusions challenging. Findings suggest that experiencing IPSV compared to experiencing nonsexual IPV (i.e., physical or psychological IPV) may increase help-seeking for medical, legal, and social services while decreasing help-seeking for informal support. Help-seeking can also reduce risk of future IPSV and decrease poor mental health outcomes. Barriers to seeking care in IPSV included social stigma, fear, and difficulty for individuals in identifying IPSV behaviors in their relationships as abuse. More inclusive research is needed among different populations including men, non-White individuals, nonheterosexual, and transgender individuals. Suggestions for research, practice, and policies are discussed.
亲密伴侣性暴力（IPSV）是一种普遍存在的现象，但却是一个研究不足的课题。由于在爱与恐惧之间寻求平衡的性质复杂，经历亲密伴侣性暴力的个体有独特的需求，并且在寻求护理方面面临独特的障碍。本系统评价的目的是研究关于亲密伴侣性暴力中寻求帮助及护理障碍的文献。通过PubMed、CINAHL、PsycINFO和科学网确定文章。检索词包括与亲密伴侣性暴力、亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）、家庭暴力、性侵犯和强奸相关的术语。该评价仅限于美国，纳入的文章需要专门测量或识别亲密关系中的性暴力，并分析或讨论与寻求帮助行为或护理障碍相关的亲密伴侣性暴力。在本评价纳入的17篇文章中，13篇是定量研究，4篇是定性研究。本评价纳入的各项研究中对亲密伴侣性暴力的各种定义和测量方法使得得出广泛结论具有挑战性。研究结果表明，与经历非性亲密伴侣暴力（即身体或心理亲密伴侣暴力）相比，经历亲密伴侣性暴力可能会增加对医疗、法律和社会服务的求助，同时减少对非正式支持的求助。寻求帮助还可以降低未来亲密伴侣性暴力的风险，并减少不良心理健康后果。亲密伴侣性暴力中寻求护理的障碍包括社会耻辱感、恐惧，以及个体难以将其关系中的亲密伴侣性暴力行为识别为虐待。需要在包括男性、非白人个体、非异性恋和跨性别个体在内的不同人群中开展更具包容性的研究。文中讨论了对研究、实践和政策的建议。
