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Burden of intimate partner violence, mental health issues, and help-seeking behaviors among women in Nepal.

作者信息

Kurvinen Monna, Ekström Anna Mia, Deuba Keshab

机构信息

Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Public Health and Environment Research Centre (PERC), Lalitpur, Nepal.

出版信息

Womens Health (Lond). 2025 Jan-Dec;21:17455057251326416. doi: 10.1177/17455057251326416. Epub 2025 Mar 18.


DOI:10.1177/17455057251326416
PMID:40100963
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11921001/
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence, presenting a significant public health concern, especially for women and girls. Help-seeking can reduce future IPV and mitigate adverse health outcomes, including mental health issues. OBJECTIVES: This study is the first national assessment on IPV, mental health consequences, and associated help-seeking behaviors in Nepal. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study. METHODS: Using secondary data from the 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, this study includes 5178 women aged 15-49 and employs multivariate regression analysis to explore the association between IPV and mental health problems, as well as factors influencing help-seeking behavior for both issues. RESULTS: Among participants, 31.4% reported ever experiencing IPV, and most (29.4% of all women) in the past 12 months. Of those ever experiencing IPV, 72.0% had not sought help for IPV, and 92.2% of those who did, opted for informal support. A total of 27.6% ( = 1427) of female interviewees reported anxiety symptoms, 21.5% ( = 1110) depressive symptoms, and 7.1% ( = 368) suicidal ideation within the past 2 weeks. These rates were higher among women who had experienced IPV in the past 12 months, with 41.1% reporting anxiety, 33.2% depression symptoms, and 14.1% suicidal ideation. Of the 4194 respondents with symptoms of anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation who were asked about help-seeking for mental health issues, 19.4% ( = 812) had sought help, primarily from informal sources (93.4%,  = 759). Emotional IPV in the past 12 months increased the odds of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.08-4.31), depression (aOR 3.09, 95% CI 2.19-4.37), and suicidal ideation (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.20-3.04). Sexual IPV increased the odds of anxiety (aOR 2.88, 95% CI 1.67-4.95) and depression (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.32-3.41), while controlling behavior heightened the odds of depression (aOR 2.42, 95% CI 2.02-2.89) and suicidal ideation (aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.25-4.02). CONCLUSION: This nationwide study reveals a high prevalence of IPV and related mental health problems among women in Nepal and a low rate of help-seeking behavior, in particular to formal support structures. Stronger health system responses and empowering informal support are essential to improve referrals and raise awareness for violence survivors.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ba31/11921001/014dc5398069/10.1177_17455057251326416-fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ba31/11921001/4c469fc3bfee/10.1177_17455057251326416-fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ba31/11921001/33a2e04becea/10.1177_17455057251326416-fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ba31/11921001/014dc5398069/10.1177_17455057251326416-fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ba31/11921001/4c469fc3bfee/10.1177_17455057251326416-fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ba31/11921001/33a2e04becea/10.1177_17455057251326416-fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ba31/11921001/014dc5398069/10.1177_17455057251326416-fig3.jpg

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[1]
Burden of intimate partner violence, mental health issues, and help-seeking behaviors among women in Nepal.

Womens Health (Lond). 2025

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Factors influencing help-seeking behaviour among young women with experience of intimate partner violence in Nigeria.

BMC Womens Health. 2025-8-12

本文引用的文献

[1]
Comparing health systems readiness for integrating domestic violence services in Brazil, occupied Palestinian Territories, Nepal and Sri Lanka.

Health Policy Plan. 2024-6-3

[2]
Perceptions on violence against women and its impacts on mental health and response mechanisms among community-based stakeholders: a qualitative study from Nepal.

BMC Womens Health. 2024-4-24

[3]
Role of women empowerment on mental health problems and care-seeking behavior among married women in Nepal: secondary analysis of nationally representative data.

Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024-8

[4]
Assessing the Nepalese health system's readiness to manage gender-based violence and deliver psychosocial counselling.

Health Policy Plan. 2024-2-22

[5]
Intimate partner violence against married women of reproductive age in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Heliyon. 2023-9-17

[6]
Interventions to Prevent Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Violence Against Women. 2024-3

[7]
Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with domestic violence among men and women in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022-4-1

[8]
Global Prevalence and Mental Health Outcomes of Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Trauma Violence Abuse. 2024-1

[9]
Intimate Partner Violence.

Med Clin North Am. 2023-3

[10]
Prevalence, pattern, and predictors of formal help-seeking for intimate partner violence against women: findings from India's cross-sectional National Family Health Surveys-3 (2005-2006) and 4 (2015-2016).

BMC Public Health. 2022-12-20

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