University of Rome Tor Vergata, Residency School of Paediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
J Perinatol. 2021 Jun;41(6):1293-1303. doi: 10.1038/s41372-021-00956-4. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
The primary objective of this study is to report and compare our data with the most relevant literature of the past decade about neonatal osteomyelitis.
We retrospectively review the data of 22 subjects aged 35 days or less who were admitted to three different sites in Italy with a radiological diagnosis of osteomyelitis. The inherent literature was searched and reviewed: five studies were considered for comparison with our data.
All the neonates, except three (two pre-term and one post-term), were born at term. The male to female ratio was 1.75 (14 males and 8 females). The mean age at presentation was 19.5 days. The most common presenting signs of the infection were local swelling and reduced mobility of the affected segment. The most common sites of infection were the femur, humerus, and tibia. The mean duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy was 29.5 days. In most neonates the diagnosis was prompt and the antibiotic treatment immediate. A low rate of sequelae was reported. All infants survived through follow up. The data from the inherent literature showed a wide variability, probably owing to the setting and the historical period of the different studies.
Neonatal osteomyelitis is an alarming yet poorly understood disease. Nonetheless, our report suggests that a quick diagnosis and treatment can be easily achieved, with good outcome on the remarkably plastic structure of neonatal bones.
本研究的主要目的是报告并比较我们的数据与过去十年中关于新生儿骨髓炎的最相关文献。
我们回顾性分析了意大利三个不同地点收治的 22 名年龄在 35 天或以下的患儿的资料，这些患儿均经影像学诊断为骨髓炎。我们对相关文献进行了检索和综述：共考虑了五项研究来与我们的数据进行比较。
除了三名患儿（两名早产儿和一名足月儿），所有新生儿均为足月产。男女比例为 1.75（14 名男性和 8 名女性）。就诊时的平均年龄为 19.5 天。感染最常见的表现为局部肿胀和受累肢体活动受限。最常见的感染部位是股骨、肱骨和胫骨。静脉内抗生素治疗的平均持续时间为 29.5 天。大多数新生儿的诊断及时，抗生素治疗迅速。报告的后遗症发生率较低。所有婴儿在随访中均存活。内在文献中的数据显示出很大的变异性，这可能归因于不同研究的背景和历史时期。
新生儿骨髓炎是一种令人警惕但尚未完全了解的疾病。然而，我们的报告表明，通过快速诊断和治疗，可以很容易地实现良好的预后，因为新生儿骨骼具有显著的可塑性。
