Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
International Department of Beijing No. 80 High School, Beijing, China.
Heredity (Edinb). 2021 Jun;126(6):942-954. doi: 10.1038/s41437-021-00419-8. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a model species in evolutionary studies. However, population processes of this species in East Asia are poorly studied. Here we examined the population genetic structure of D. melanogaster across China. There were 14 mitochondrial haplotypes with 10 unique ones out of 23 known from around the globe. Pairwise F values estimated from 15 novel microsatellites ranged from 0 to 0.11, with geographically isolated populations showing the highest level of genetic uniqueness. STRUCTURE analysis identified high levels of admixture at both the individual and population levels. Mantel tests indicated a strong association between genetic distance and geographical distance as well as environmental distance. Full redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that independent effects of environmental conditions and geography accounted for 62.10% and 31.58% of the total explained genetic variance, respectively. When geographic variables were constrained in a partial RDA analysis, the environmental variables bio2 (mean diurnal air temperature range), bio13 (precipitation of the wettest month), and bio15 (precipitation seasonality) were correlated with genetic distance. Our study suggests that demographic history, geographical isolation, and environmental factors have together shaped the population genetic structure of D. melanogaster after its introduction into China.
黑腹果蝇是进化研究中的模式生物。然而，东亚地区该物种的种群动态研究还很少。本研究调查了中国各地黑腹果蝇的种群遗传结构。在全球 23 种已知的线粒体单倍型中，我们发现了 14 种，其中 10 种是独特的。从 15 个新微卫星估计的成对 F 值范围从 0 到 0.11，具有地理隔离的种群表现出最高水平的遗传独特性。STRUCTURE 分析在个体和种群水平上均鉴定出高水平的混合。Mantel 检验表明遗传距离与地理距离以及环境距离之间存在很强的关联。全冗余分析（RDA）表明环境条件和地理因素的独立效应分别解释了总遗传方差的 62.10%和 31.58%。在部分 RDA 分析中约束地理变量时，环境变量 bio2（日平均气温范围）、bio13（最湿润月的降水量）和 bio15（降水量季节性）与遗传距离相关。本研究表明，在黑腹果蝇引入中国后，种群的历史动态、地理隔离和环境因素共同塑造了其种群遗传结构。
