Hay Joel W, Gong Cynthia L, Jiao Xiayu, Zawadzki Nadine K, Zawadzki Roy S, Pickard A Simon, Xie Feng, Crawford Samuel A, Gu Ning Yan
Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Fetal & Neonatal Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Gen Intern Med. 2021 May;36(5):1292-1301. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-06674-z. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in negative impacts on the economy, population health, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).
To assess the impact of COVID-19 on US population HRQoL using the EQ-5D-5L.
We surveyed respondents on physical and mental health, demographics, socioeconomics, brief medical history, current COVID-19 status, sleep, dietary, financial, and spending changes. Results were compared to online and face-to-face US population norms. Predictors of EQ-5D-5L utility were analyzed using both standard and post-lasso OLS regressions. Robustness of regression coefficients against unmeasured confounding was analyzed using the E-Value sensitivity analysis.
Amazon MTurk workers (n=2776) in the USA.
EQ-5D-5L utility and VAS scores by age group.
We received n=2746 responses. Subjects 18-24 years reported lower mean (SD) health utility (0.752 (0.281)) compared with both online (0.844 (0.184), p=0.001) and face-to-face norms (0.919 (0.127), p<0.001). Among ages 25-34, utility was worse compared to face-to-face norms only (0.825 (0.235) vs. 0.911 (0.111), p<0.001). For ages 35-64, utility was better during pandemic compared to online norms (0.845 (0.195) vs. 0.794 (0.247), p<0.001). At age 65+, utility values (0.827 (0.213)) were similar across all samples. VAS scores were worse for all age groups (p<0.005) except ages 45-54. Increasing age and income were correlated with increased utility, while being Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic, married, living alone, having history of chronic illness or self-reported depression, experiencing COVID-19-like symptoms, having a family member diagnosed with COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, being underweight, and living in California were associated with worse utility scores. Results were robust to unmeasured confounding.
HRQoL decreased during the pandemic compared to US population norms, especially for ages 18-24. The mental health impact of COVID-19 is significant and falls primarily on younger adults whose health outcomes may have been overlooked based on policy initiatives to date.
新冠疫情对经济、人口健康以及与健康相关的生活质量（HRQoL）产生了负面影响。
使用EQ-5D-5L评估新冠疫情对美国人群HRQoL的影响。
我们就身体和心理健康、人口统计学、社会经济学、简要病史、当前新冠疫情状况、睡眠、饮食、财务和支出变化对受访者进行了调查。将结果与美国人群的在线和面对面规范进行了比较。使用标准和套索后OLS回归分析了EQ-5D-5L效用的预测因素。使用E值敏感性分析评估了回归系数对未测量混杂因素的稳健性。
美国亚马逊土耳其机器人平台的工人（n=2776）。
按年龄组划分的EQ-5D-5L效用和视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分。
我们收到了n=2746份回复。18-24岁的受试者报告的平均（标准差）健康效用（0.752（0.281））低于在线规范（0.844（0.184），p=0.001）和面对面规范（0.919（0.127），p<0.001）。在25-34岁人群中，效用仅比面对面规范更差（0.825（0.235）对0.911（0.111），p<0.001）。对于35-64岁人群，疫情期间的效用比在线规范更好（0.845（0.195）对0.794（0.247），p<0.001）。65岁及以上人群的效用值（0.
