Díaz-Cao José Manuel, Adaszek Łukasz, Dzięgiel Beata, Paniagua Jorge, Caballero-Gómez Javier, Winiarczyk Stanislaw, Winiarczyk Dagmara, Cano-Terriza David, García-Bocanegra Ignacio
Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 May;69(3):1084-1094. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14065. Epub 2021 Mar 30.
A survey study was carried out to assess the occurrence of selected tick-borne pathogens (TBP) in wild ungulates in Mediterranean ecosystems in southern Spain. Spleen samples were collected from 1,132 wild ungulates, including 578 red deer, 269 wild boar, 135 mouflon, 121 fallow deer and 29 roe deer, between 2009 and 2015. Eighty-nine ticks collected from TBP-positive animals were also analysed. Samples were tested by PCR and sequenced whenever possible. TBP DNA was detected in 127 of 863 wild ruminants (14.7%; 95% CI: 12.4-17.3) including the following: Anaplasma phagocytophilum (9.2%), Babesia divergens (2.9%), Theileria sp. OT3 (1.7%), Borrelia afzelii (0.7%) and Theileria capreoli (0.2%), but no positive samples were detected in wild boar (0/269). All the strains from mouflon were identified as Theileria sp. OT3, while B. divergens and T. capreoli were mainly found in red deer. Co-infection with A. phagocytophilum and B. divergens, and A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. was detected in red deer and mouflon, respectively. The risk factor analysis showed that the prevalences of A. phagocytophilum and piroplasms were species-related. Eighty-nine tick specimens collected from ungulates found to be infected with the selected TBP were identified as Hyalomma lusitanicum (95.5%) and Ixodes ricinus (4.5%). Thirty ticks were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. (33.7%), 25 for Babesia/Theileria (28.1%) and two for B. burgdorferi s.l. (2.3%). Eleven specimens showed co-infections with Anaplasma/Ehrlichia and Babesia/Theileria (10.1%) or Anaplasma/Ehrlichia and B. burgdorferi s.l. (2.3%). The estimated prevalences obtained in the present study suggest the possible contribution of wild ruminants to the maintenance of some selected TBP in Mediterranean ecosystems in southern Spain, while the role of wild boar in the epidemiology of these pathogens seems to be limited in this region.
开展了一项调查研究，以评估西班牙南部地中海生态系统中野生有蹄类动物体内特定蜱传病原体（TBP）的发生情况。在2009年至2015年期间，从1132只野生有蹄类动物身上采集了脾脏样本，其中包括578只马鹿、269只野猪、135只摩弗伦羊、121只黇鹿和29只狍。还对从TBP阳性动物身上采集的89只蜱进行了分析。样本尽可能通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行检测并测序。在863只野生反刍动物中的127只（14.7%；95%置信区间：12.4 - 17.3）检测到了TBP DNA，包括以下病原体：嗜吞噬细胞无形体（9.2%）、分歧巴贝斯虫（2.9%）、泰勒虫属OT3（1.7%）、阿氏疏螺旋体（0.7%）和绵羊泰勒虫（0.2%），但在野猪（0/269）中未检测到阳性样本。摩弗伦羊的所有菌株均被鉴定为泰勒虫属OT3，而分歧巴贝斯虫和绵羊泰勒虫主要在马鹿中发现。在马鹿和摩弗伦羊中分别检测到嗜吞噬细胞无形体与分歧巴贝斯虫以及嗜吞噬细胞无形体与泰勒虫属的共感染。风险因素分析表明，嗜吞噬细胞无形体和梨形虫的患病率与物种相关。从被发现感染选定TBP的有蹄类动物身上采集的89只蜱标本被鉴定为卢氏璃眼蜱（95.5%）和蓖麻硬蜱（4.5%）。30只蜱对无形体属/埃立克体属呈阳性（33.7%），25只对巴贝斯虫属/泰勒虫属呈阳性（28.1%），2只对狭义伯氏疏螺旋体呈阳性（2.3%）。11个标本显示无形体属/埃立克体属与巴贝斯虫属/泰勒虫属（10.1%）或无形体属/埃立克体属与狭义伯氏疏螺旋体（2.3%）存在共感染。本研究获得的估计患病率表明，野生反刍动物可能对西班牙南部地中海生态系统中某些选定TBP的维持有贡献，而在该地区，野猪在这些病原体的流行病学中的作用似乎有限。
