Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Michigan Medical School and School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2021 Sep;13(3):e12455. doi: 10.1111/appy.12455. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Suicide involves a complex set of behaviors and emotions that lead up to actions that may be based on planning and forethought or the result of impulse. While there are a host of antecedent circumstances the presence of a mood disorder, primarily depression, is the most common factor in suicide. While management of depression is recognized as important prevention strategy in depression, the means by which suicide occurs must be a critical element of prevention. Policies that lower access to the means for suicide will decrease the fatality. Guns are associated with half of suicides and the case fatality rate of gun associated suicide is over 90% compared to 7% for all other means. This emphasizes the importance of offering strategies that limit access to guns to those at higher risk for suicide. A declaration of formal self-exclusion for access to firearms (guns and ammunition) offers the individual at greater risk for suicide to place themselves on an official list that would prevent them from purchasing lethal weapons. A person with depression, when well, might wish to enroll voluntarily to prevent themselves, when ill, from procuring a weapon to harm themselves or others. This recognizes the autonomy of the person and protects both the individual, the family, and society.
自杀涉及一系列复杂的行为和情绪，这些行为和情绪可能是基于计划和深思熟虑的，也可能是冲动的结果。虽然有很多潜在的情况，但情绪障碍（主要是抑郁症）的存在是自杀最常见的因素。虽然管理抑郁症被认为是预防抑郁症的重要策略，但自杀发生的方式必须是预防的关键因素。降低自杀手段获取途径的政策将降低死亡率。枪支与一半的自杀事件有关，而与枪支有关的自杀的病死率超过 90%，而其他所有手段的病死率为 7%。这强调了为那些自杀风险较高的人提供限制获取枪支途径的策略的重要性。正式宣布禁止个人获取枪支（枪支和弹药），可以让那些自杀风险较高的人将自己列入官方名单，防止他们购买致命武器。一个患有抑郁症的人，如果病情好转，可能希望自愿登记，以防止自己在患病时获取武器伤害自己或他人。这既承认了个人的自主权，又保护了个人、家庭和社会。
