Abolfotouh Mostafa A, Almutairi Adel F, Banimustafa Ala'a, Hagras Soheir A, Al Jeraisy Majed
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
King Saud Bin-Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Gen Med. 2021 Mar 3;14:741-753. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S296867. eCollection 2021.
The behavior of the general public and the adoption of precautionary measures during a pandemic determine the fate of the country in the absence of any specific cure. This study aimed to determine the public attitude and behavior responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia during movement restrictions, and the predictors of behavioral responses.
A community-based cross-sectional study of 2470 adult individuals in Saudi Arabia, 17-29 April 2020 was conducted via Survey Monkey, using an anonymous validated e-questionnaire. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related attitudes, and behavioral responses in terms of; precautionary measures, preparedness, and self-quarantine activities, to be responded to by 4-point Likert scales. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify the significant predictors of compliance with different behaviors. Significance was considered at p<0.05.
Participants reported positive attitudes towards governmental actions (95%), self-hygiene (93.2%), social distancing (97.1%) and choice of healthy food (89.6%), and negative attitudes towards the current worldwide situation of the pandemic (81.0%) and hearing someone tested positive (77.8%) or died from COVID-19 (83.7%). High rates of compliance to behavior were reported by only 55.8% of participants in terms of precautionary measures (71.3%), preparedness (38.4%), and self-quarantine activities (46.1%). After adjusting for all possible confounders, the total attitude score was a significant predictor of the total scores of precautionary measures (t=12.01, p<0.001), preparedness (t=9.29, p<0.001), self-quarantine activities (t=12.05, p<0.001), and overall behavior response (t=14.09, p<0.001). Other significant predictors of higher overall behavior response scores were female gender (t=7.22, p<0.001) and non-Saudi nationality (t=3.40, p<0.001).
This study provides baseline data on the behavioral response to the national COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The levels of compliance to behavior response and attitude to COVID-19 pandemic were less than satisfactory. Socio-demographics influence public behavior and protective health measures. COVID-19 awareness programs are recommended.
在没有特效治疗方法的情况下，大流行期间公众的行为以及预防措施的采取决定了国家的命运。本研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯在实施行动限制期间公众对新冠疫情的态度和行为反应，以及行为反应的预测因素。
2020年4月17日至29日，通过Survey Monkey对沙特阿拉伯2470名成年个体进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究，使用经过验证的匿名电子问卷。收集了有关人口统计学特征、与新冠病毒相关的态度以及在预防措施、准备情况和自我隔离活动方面的行为反应的数据，采用4点李克特量表进行回答。进行了多元线性回归分析，以确定不同行为依从性的显著预测因素。显著性水平设定为p<0.05。
参与者对政府行动（95%）、个人卫生（93.2%）、社交距离（97.1%）和选择健康食品（89.6%）持积极态度，而对当前全球疫情形势（81.0%）、听闻有人检测呈阳性（77.8%）或死于新冠病毒（83.7%）持消极态度。在预防措施（71.3%）、准备情况（38.4%）和自我隔离活动（46.1%）方面，只有55.8%的参与者报告了较高的行为依从率。在对所有可能的混杂因素进行调整后，总体态度得分是预防措施总分（t=12.01，p<0.001）、准备情况总分（t=9.29，p<0.001）、自我隔离活动总分（t=12.05，p<0.001）和总体行为反应总分（t=14.09，p<0.001）的显著预测因素。总体行为反应得分较高的其他显著预测因素包括女性（t=7.22，p<0.001）和非沙特国籍（t=3.40，p<0.001）。
本研究提供了沙特阿拉伯全国对新冠疫情行为反应的基线数据。行为反应的依从水平和对新冠疫情的态度不尽人意。社会人口统计学因素影响公众行为和保护性健康措施。建议开展新冠病毒宣传项目。
