制鞋行业女性的生活质量、生活方式和工作环境。

Quality of life, lifestyle, and working environment of women in the footwear industry.

作者信息

Rios Lilian, Paggiaro André Oliveira, Fernandes Rosa Aurea Quintella

机构信息

Mestrado em Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

Rev Bras Med Trab. 2021 Mar 3;18(4):390-398. doi: 10.47626/1679-4435-2020-517.

DOI:10.47626/1679-4435-2020-517

PMID:33688320

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7934172/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The footwear industry uses glue and other organic solvents (such as ethyl acetate, acetone, xylene, and toluene) in its manufacturing process; these substances, when associated with an inadequate working environment, can potentialize health problems and interfere with the perception of quality of life by female workers.

OBJECTIVES

To verify the quality of life of women working in the footwear industry and its association with the self-reported morbidities of these workers, their working environment, and lifestyle habits.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, developed with 120 women shoemakers in the city of Franca, state of São Paulo. For evaluating quality of life, we used the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument.

RESULTS

The most common self-reported morbidities were anxiety (65%), stress (62.5%), irritability (49.2%), sleep alterations (35.8%), fatigue (30%), and muscle cramps (30%). The physical domain presented the highest mean score (68.0), followed by the psychological (67.1) and social relationships domains (66.4). Environment was the domain with the lowest mean score (53.5). Quality of life was associated with the following self-reported morbidities: muscle cramps (p = 0.010), breathing difficulty (p = 0.029), tingling in the upper limbs (p = 0.010), decline in manual skills and work capacity, and pain (p < 0.001); the physical domain was the most affected. We observed a statistically significant difference in mean physical domain scores (p = 0.006) of women who used personal protection equipment; noise in the workplace interfered with the social relationships domain (p = 0.019), while working position interfered with the social relationships (p = 0.021) and environment (0 = 0.047) domains.

CONCLUSIONS

The self-reported morbidities reported here and some working conditions negatively interfered with the women's quality of life.

摘要

引言

制鞋行业在其制造过程中使用胶水和其他有机溶剂（如乙酸乙酯、丙酮、二甲苯和甲苯）；当这些物质与恶劣的工作环境相关联时，可能会引发健康问题，并影响女工对生活质量的感受。

目的

验证在制鞋行业工作的女性的生活质量及其与这些工人自我报告的发病率、工作环境和生活方式习惯之间的关联。

方法

这是一项采用定量方法的横断面研究，对圣保罗州弗朗卡市的120名女鞋匠进行了调查。为评估生活质量，我们使用了世界卫生组织生活质量量表的简版。

结果

自我报告的最常见疾病为焦虑（65%）、压力（62.5%）、易怒（49.2%）、睡眠改变（35.8%）、疲劳（30%）和肌肉痉挛（30%）。身体领域的平均得分最高（68.0），其次是心理领域（67.1）和社会关系领域（66.4）。环境领域的平均得分最低（53.5）。生活质量与以下自我报告的疾病相关：肌肉痉挛（p = 0.010）、呼吸困难（p = 0.029）、上肢刺痛（p = 0.010）、手工技能和工作能力下降以及疼痛（p < 0.001）；身体领域受影响最大。我们观察到使用个人防护设备的女性在身体领域平均得分存在统计学显著差异（p = 0.006）；工作场所的噪音干扰了社会关系领域（p = 0.019），而工作姿势干扰了社会关系领域（p = 0.021）和环境领域（p = 0.047）。